Impact of Anti-semitism

• Following the Pogroms, many Jews left the country. Some went of their own free will but others were forcibly expelled, for example from Kiev in 1886.
• From 1890 foreign Jews began to be deported from Russia along with Russian Jews who had settled outside the Pale. In the winter of 1891-92 around 10 000 Jewish artisans were expelled from Moscow where they had legally settled during the reign of Alexander II
• The effect of such policies among the Jews that remained in Russia was to drive a disproportionate number of them towards revolutionary groups and in particular Marxist socialist organisations