Capsule - additional protection from macrophages. Contains water that protects bacteria
Plasmid - small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule.
Mesosomes - increases the surface area of the plasma membrane.
Nucleoid - irregularly shaped that contains all genetic material (genophore)
Pili - attachment to other cells
Flagellum, - cell locomotion
Special Cell Modifications 1. Microvilli - increases the surface area 2. Flagella - allows cells to move 3. Cilia - used for protection 4. Pili - used for attachment