PHYPSY UNIT 2

• Your nervous system is your body's command center
• • Your nervous system affects every aspect of your health, including your thoughts, memory, learning, and feelings.
• Originating from your brain, it controls your movements, thoughts and automatic responses to the world around you.

  Nervous System
• The nervous system has two main parts. The Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System
• Each part contains billions of cells called neurons or nerve cells.
• nerve cells. These special cells send and receive electrical signals through your body to tell it what to do.
• • The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
• • Your brain uses your nerves to send messages to the rest of your body.
• • Each nerve has a protective outer layer called myelin. It insulates the nerve and helps the messages get through
• Spinal Cord - the part of the CNS within the spinal column.
• • The spinal cord is a long cylinder of nerve tissue that extends from the medulla, the most caudal structure of the brain, down to the first lumbar vertebra (a bone in the spine, or vertebral column).
• It connects your brain to your lower back.

  spinal cord
• • the first lumbar vertebra (a bone in the spine, or vertebral column).
• • Your spinal cord carries nerve signals from your brain to your body and vice versa. These nerve signals help you feel sensations and move your body. Any damage to your spinal cord can affect your movement or function.
• The spinal cord is divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal segments.
• • In addition to carrying messages to and from the brain, the spinal cord provides a variety of protective and motor reflexes.
• PRINCIPAL STRUCTURES of Telencephalon

  Cerebral cortex

  Basal ganglia

  Limbic system
• PRINCIPAL STRUCTURES of Diencephalon

  Thalamus and Hypothalamus
• ·       The most anterior part of the brain.

  FOREBRAIN
• ·       Also known as "Prosencephalon" (forward brain)

  FOREBRAIN
• FOREBRAIN Includes two major components which are the:

  Telencephalon and Diencephalon
• ·       The “between-brain”

  DIENCEPHALON
• ·       Located at the midline just above the midbrain

  DIENCEPHALON
• ·       Thalamus – largest portion of the diencephalon.
• o   Processes sensory information, contributes to states of arousal, and participates in learning and memory. 

  Thalamus
• o   Contains nuclei that project information to specific regions of the cerebral cortex and receive information from it

  Thalamus
• Hypothalamus


  lies at the base of the brain, under the thalamus.
• Hypothalamus, relatively small structure
• Hypothalamus   It controls the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system and organizes the behaviors related to survival.
• Hypothalamus -  Four F’s: Fighting, Feeding, Fleeing, and Sexual Functioning/Mating.
• ·       Pituitary Gland – attached to the base of the hypothalamus by a stalk
• ·       Pituitary Gland – attached to the base of the hypothalamus by a stalk
• Pituitary Gland is an endocrine (hormone-producing) gland that contains neurons, blood vessels, and connective tissues
• o   in responses to images from the hypothalamus, the pituitary synthesizes hormones that the blood carries to organs throughout the body.

  Pituitary Gland
• TELENCEPHALON

  ·       The “end-brain”
• TELENCEPHALON

  ·      

  Includes most of the two symmetrical cerebral hemispheres that make up the cerebrum,
• TELENCEPHALON


  The cerebral hemispheres are covered by the cerebral cortex and contain the limbic and the basal ganglia.
• ·       The cerebral hemispheres are covered by the cerebral cortex and contain the limbic and the basal ganglia.
• CEREBRAL CORTEX – most prominent part of the mammalian brain
• cortex means “bark” and the cerebral cortex surrounds the cerebral hemisphere like the bark of a tree.