PE VOLLEYBALL

• Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net.
• Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.
• The sport originated in the United States and is now achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.
• In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts, decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball.
• William Morgan created the game of volleyball, which he initially called Mintonette.
• William Morgan borrowed the net from tennis and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man’s head.
• During a demonstration game, someone remarked to William Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "Volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport.
• On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "Volleyball" was played.
• In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.
• In 1900 the YMCA spread Volleyball to Canada, the Orient, and the Southern Hemisphere.
• These officials often use flags to signal when a ball is in or out, hits the antennae of the net, or when the server commits a foot fault, or steps outside the line as they serve.
• If a dispute or irregularity arises regarding the score, the scorer uses a buzzer to notify the first and second referees.
• Once the game begins, scorekeepers track points, player substitutions, sanctions and time-outs.
• At the close of the game, the scorekeeper records the final score of the game.
• Line judges monitor each game, standing at the corners of the court watching the lines to indicate whether a ball in play falls in or out of the court.
• When a substitution request arises, the scorer notifies the referees.
• The scorekeeper keeps an eye on the individual serving the ball to track the rotation and notify referees of potential lapses.
• Line judges work with the referees, signaling to assist in making judgment calls.
• The libero tracking duty was added in 1999.
• If a server steps on the line during a serve, the line judge watching the given line notifies the referees using a flag.
• When a player touches an out-of-play ball or if the ball hits an antenna, the designated line judge also indicates the interference.
• The assistant scorekeeper or libero tracker is responsible for updating the scoreboard and keeping an eye on the libero.
• Before the game begins, the scorer notes the starting lineup of each team.
• The Volleyball court is 60 x 30 ft or 18m x 9m in size.
• A server usually uses one, open hand to swing overhead and send the ball over the net from behind the end line.
• Float serve or floater: A serve that does not spin.
• Topspin serve: A serve that spins topspin.
• Lines: The marks that serve as boundaries of a court 2 inches (5cm) wide.
• These players are in positions 2, 3, 4 on the court.
• The first contact that starts every rally is called a “serve”.
• The player whoseerves is called the “server”.
• Game plan: Offensive and defensive emphasis for an opponent, usually organized for each rotation by the coaching staff.
• Line serve: A straight-ahead serve landing near the opponent’s left sideline.
• Jump serve: The jump serve is more advanced and utilizes an even higher toss that should be several feet in front of the server.
• Underhand serve: This serve is used mainly in recreational volleyball and does not require the level of skill or coordination that the other types of serves do.
• Overhand serve: For all overhand serves, you start with your dominant-side foot back and the ball held extended in your non-dominant hand.
• Hitter: Also “spiker” or “attacker” is the player responsible for hitting the ball.
• Jump serve: The server uses an approach, toss, takeoff and serves the ball with a spiking motion while in the air.
• Held ball: A ball that comes to rest during contact resulting in a violation.
• Jump float serve: A serve that does not spin.