Reproduction

• Meiosis is a type of reproduction that involves the fusion of male and female gametes.
• Animals use sperm and egg for reproduction.
• Flowering plants use pollen and egg for reproduction.
• Meiosis produces clones.
• The advantages of meiosis include the mixing of genetic information, which creates variation and allows natural selection to increase the chances of surviving environmental changes.
• Both types of reproduction, asexual and sexual, are used by certain plants and fungi.
• Certain plants and fungi halve the number of chromosomes to produce gametes.
• Fertilisation restores the full number of chromosomes.
• Mitosis is a process where a cell divides by mitosis then differentiates.
• Genetic information is copied during meiosis.
• A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a sequence of amino acids to make a protein.
• Non-coding DNA controls the expression of a gene.
• An allele is a different form of a gene.
• Identification of genes linked to diseases and inherited disorders is important.
• Tracing past human migration patterns is important.
• Polydactyly and cystic fibrosis are examples of inherited disorders.
• Sex is determined as XY for males and XX for females.
• Dominant and recessive genotypes are important in understanding the genetic makeup of an organism.
• The genome is the entire genetic material in an organism.
• A gene can be altered due to a change in DNA structure.
• Genome can be synthesised using a template on ribosomes.
• Carriers bring amino acids to the template in the correct order.
• The gene is the entire genetic material in an organism.