Humanistic

• Maslow believed that people were driven to fulfil needs to reach their human potential.
• What are the 5 needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  Physiological needs, safety needs, belonging needs, esteem, self actualisation.
• deficit needs are determined by a lack of something
• Salient needs is when you have reached the level when needs are satisfied all the time.
• Self actualisation is when you have reached your full human potential.
• We move through the stages of Maslow's hierarchy in linear fashion. This can be disrupted by stress, pressure or difficult circumstances.
• Only one person in 50 make it to self actualisation.
• The humanistic approach was termed as the "third force", since is aimed to replace behaviourism and psychoanalysis.
• Humanism is less deterministic, based on principles of free will. Humans have choice, freedom and uniqueness.
• Carl Rodgers has a theory that individuals strive to achieve their ideal self and that humans are motivated towards self-improvement.
• Carl Rodgers believed that, Humanism approach focussed on healthy and positive growth.
• What is the key assumption of humanism

  Humans have a basic need to feel nurtured
• Unconditional positive regard is when basic needs to feel nurtured are given freely without conditions.
• Congruence is when your ideal self is closer to your actual self. A bigger gap leads to low self-esteem and maladjustment.
• Humanistic therapy involves client centred therapy, developed by Carl Rodgers. The client is encouraged to develop positive self regard and achieve congruence.
• CCT takes in individualist approach. This links to free will, due tot he belief that only the patient can make themselves better.
• Gestalt therapy is a holistic approach, which encourages accepting of all aspects of ones self through methods like confrontation, dream analysis and role play.
• Conditions of worth are a type of expectation where an individual feels that their approval is dependant upon meeting conditions for people to see them favourably, and can produce feelings of incongruence.
• One limitation of the humanistic approach is that CCT is hard to scientifically test. Due to cause and effect relationships being hard to establish between treatment and outcome.
• A strength of the humanistic approach is that is have real world applications such as Rodgers CCT being commonly used in psychological counselling.
• What issues and debates does Humanism raise?

  Free will vs Determinism and Holism vs Reductionism.
• A limitation to the humanistic approach is that is focuses on growth orientated behaviour and ignores individuals capacity for self destruction.