Chapter 2 : The Progressive Era

Cards (33)

  • The evils of American society :
    • Political corruption, cronyism (favoritism)
    • Poor working conditions (in factories, life expectancy at 45yo)
    • Misery, diseases, criminality
  • These 3 movements were considered as the firsts movements in the Progressive Era :
    • The Mugwumps : Republicans fighting corruption within their own party
    • The Populist Party : supporting farmers
    • Knights of Labor : focused on working conditions
  • Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
    1901 - 1909
  • Roosevelt became president after that...
    McKinley was assassinated
  • Theodore Roosevelt was named vice president of William McKinley for his...

    Reformist ideas
  • Theodore Roosevelt was republican or democrat ?
    Republican
  • Roosevelt, in his idea of expanding the power of the presidency, used the White House as a bully pulpit (a position of authority) to preach about the need for an assertive government and an active foreign policy.
  • Roosevelt, in his idea of expanding the power of the presidency, sought to improve every aspect of society against the problems of industrialization and urbanization
  • Roosevelt, in his idea of expanding the power of the presidency, introduced the idea of “conservation” & environmentalism
  • The Progressive Era was marked by Youth reforms and Urban reforms
  • What did change concerning education in the Youth reforms during the Progressive Era ?
    • It became an instrument of social change, teach about health and community life
    • Called for compulsory attendance in kindergartens and high-schools
  • What did change concerning Child labor in the Youth reforms during the Progressive Era ?
    • Used photographs to increase public awareness
    • Limit the workhours to eight per day
    • Resistance by many Southern states
    • Congress passed laws in 1916 and 1918, but were blocked by the Supreme Court
  • What did change concerning Public Health in the Urban reforms during the Progressive Era ?


    The “social hygiene movement” : multiple campaigns against malaria, tuberculosis or infant mortality
  • What did change concerning Urban Planning in the Urban reforms during the Progressive Era ?


    • Developed city infrastructures : water and sewer systems, electricity
    • Professionalized city services : public transportation, librairies, hospitals, museums, parks
    • Organized the city : police departments, sports fields, and bathouses in poor neighborhoods
  • What was the situation concerning Women's rights in 1900 ?
    • Only 4 Western states authorized women to vote
    • 700,000 married women were in the workforce
  • Women's clubs during the Progressive Era
    • General Federation of Women’s Clubs (formed in NYC)
    • National Association of Colored Women (organized in Washington D.C.)
    • Staffed by upper-middle-class, educated, northern women
  • WCTU means ?
    Woman's Christian Temperance Union
  • WCTU was founded in 1874 to fight drunkenness
  • WCTU was extended to support every reform that would improve women’s social welfare and rights.
  • After it's creation, WCTU was further developed to fight urban poverty, child labor, help prison reform, and home protection.
  • WTUL means
    Women's Trade Union League
  • For the WTUL, the right to vote was as a way to improve their economic interests and to foster a new sense of respect for working-class women
  • National American Women Suffrage Association : the “Winning Plan” focused on state voting rights laws and the ratification of an amendment to the US Constitution
  • National Woman’s Party : street protests, marches, hunger strikes, and picketing the White House in 1917
  • In 1918, Woodrow Wilson declared his support for the women’s suffrage amendment
  • In 1920, the 19th Amendment was ratified by Congress (Women's right to vote)
  • Social and political situation for African American civil rights
    • Generalization of segregation
    • Desenfranchisement in the South (i.e. restriction of suffrage)
    • Social Darwinism : pseudo-science supporting racial hierarchy
  • Date of Presidency of Woodrow Wilson
    1913 - 1921
  • Woodrow Wilson showed progressivism could be part of the Democrat’s agenda and platform.
  • Major Progressive reforms
    • 1913, 16th amendment
    • 1919, 18th amendment
    • 1920, 19th amendment
  • 16th Amendment

    Giving Congress the power to impose an income tax and 17th amendment : direct elections of senators
  • 18th amendment

    Banning manufacture and sale of alcohol (Prohibition period)
  • 19th Amendment

    Women's right to vote