Tanzania

• population = 51 million

  most live in rural areas

  with 5 million living in Dar Es Salaam (port)

  location = South-East Africa, northern hemisphere, neighbours such as Malawi
• are Tanzania food secure?

  • 2015: GHI - 28.7
  • 89/116 countries
  • rating - 'serious'
• why were Tanzania food insecure?

  • 2012, 44% were living on less than $1.25 a day
  • so can't afford to buy healthy diet
  • close to the equator - climate not suitable for crops
  • included lots of droughts = low crop yield = price increase
• attempt at food security

  • PAST, LOCAL = GOAT AID
  • PAST, NATIONAL = CANADA WHEAT
  • PRESENT, NATIONAL = SAGCOT
• goat aid

  in the Babati district, where 90% depend on agriculture for livelihood

  ran from 1999 = 2006 , funded by British charity who spent £200,000 on Toggernburg goats

  (£400 per goat, given on a loan basis)
• goat aid adv

  • Toggenburg goats produce 3l of milk per day (compared to a cow who produces 1l)
  • also provide meat, cheese = nutrients that support growth
  • farmers can sell this extra produce to make a profit to send children to school / buy more farm equipment
  • produce manure = fertiliser = more variety of crops = sold and creates a balanced diet
  • breed up to 6 goats per pair
• goat aid disadv:

  • small scale so only benefitted a few villages
  • requires lots of water which is a scarce resource
  • expensive vet bills
  • hooves and grazing = barren land = increased desertification = reduced fertility and nutrients of soil = less crops
• Canada Wheat programme

  (started after droughts in early 1970s were they required emergency aid = recognised the importance for independence)

  Canada provided $95 million in aid including:

  • seeds
  • machinery, like tractors
  • chemical fertilisers
  • training
• canada wheat programme adv

  • 400 workers, 150 mechanics gained skills and 121 trained
  • provided 60% of Tanzanias wheat which meant that
  • during the 1992 droughts Tanzania was the only South African country that did not rely on food aid = development
• canada wheat programma disadv:

  • would've been cheaper to important
  • very few jobs for a large scale project
  • growing only 1 crop = worsening food fertility and lost biodiversity
  • Barabaig tribe were forced of their grazing lands, sometimes with violence, affecting 40,000 people
  • machinery fell into disrepair as couldn't afford spare parts from Canada, benefitting Canadian manufactures
  • stopped in 1993 shows it wasn't achieving food security
• SAGCOT: southern agricultural growth corridor of Tanzania

  began in 2010: aim to improve farming along a growth corridor of fertile soil stretching from dar es salaam across the country

  included transport links such as the port and Tazara railway

  investment from gov/TNCs/China
• SAGCOT HAS DONE:

  • 188 commercial farms
  • which are linked to 75,000 small farms (which gain support, i.e. can borrow machinery)
  • $1140 million invested into infrastructure such as roads/rail/electricity/ water
• SAGCOT adv:

  • better transport means that food can be transported quickly to be sold in markets = less food waste so more profits
  • improved irrigation means that farmers can grow all year round (significant as they are close to equator)
  • created 45,000 jobs and lifted 2 million oit of poverty
• Kilombero plantation

  • commercial farms have doubled their rice yield
  • the small farmed linked to this produce 8x more rice
• SAGCOT disadv:

  • most of the money has benefited the larger commercial farms
  • small farm owners had little control over decision, seen through,
  • nomadic tribe has lost water supply
  • concentration on 1 or 2 crops shows food security is still threatened (need a balanced diet)
  • foreign investors, china, benefit more, as the cheap rice (from Kilombero project) will be eaten in china not in Tanzania