GE3

• International Organization (IO) refers to the international intergovernmental organization or groups that are primarily made up of member-states.
• IOs include members from more than one nation and can be influential as independent organizations.
• The purpose of IOs is to serve common interest and generate solutions for problems such as security, economy, social reason, increasing common problems, environmental problems, education, terrorism, etc.
• IOs have the ability to classify objects, invent and shift their definition and identity, and create a powerful standard.
• IOs have the power to change fix meanings by influencing the views of states, organizations, and individuals on their legitimacy as a source of information.
• There is no fundamental distinction among constitutional, despotic, dictatorial, democratic, and communistic regimes.
• Jose Casanova, a historian, stated that religion has always been at the very center of all great political conflicts and movements of social reform.
• All secular ideologies are flawed, and Islamic rule is the superior form of government because it is spiritual.
• Alexis de Tocqueville, a French historian and diplomat, stated that Americans practice their religion out of self-interest and often even place the interest they have in practicing it in this world.
• King Henry XIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church and established his own Church to bolster his own power.
• IOs have the power to diffuse by spreading and enforcing global values and norms.
• IOs establish, articulate, and transmit norms that define what is acceptable and legitimate.
• The United Nations was created after the World War II after the collapse of League of Nations.
• The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization tasked with maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations, achieving international cooperation, and harmonizing the actions of nations.
• The General Assembly (GA) of the United Nations has 193 member states and is the main deliberative policy making organ of UN.
• The Security Council of the United Nations has 15 members, 10 of whom are elected for two-terms by the GA, and maintains international peace and security.
• The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations has 54 members and is the principal body for coordinating, policy review, policy dialogue, and recommendations on social and environmental issues, and implementations of internationally agreed development goals.
• The International Court of Justice settles legal disputes only between nations and not between individuals, according to international law, and legal disputes are submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions.
• The Secretariat of the United Nations is made up of 10,000 international staff members in the UN Headquarters and is responsible for servicing the other organs of the United Nations and administering the programs and policies laid down by organs.
• The Secretary-General of the United Nations is appointed by the General Assembly.
• The challenges of the United Nations include non-cooperation of other states, as the UN is voluntary; any refusal to cooperate can affect the United Nations.
• Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, has criticized Western values and advocated for the superiority of Islamic Rule over its secular counterparts.
• The World Council of Churches has criticized economic globalization’s negative effect, and it is accountable to the victims of the project of economic globalization by becoming its advocates inside and outside the centers of power.
• OPEC stands for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
• Some people flee to establish and create impenetrable sanctuaries where they can practice religion without meddling and control of authorities brought by globalization.
• Economic and political definitions of the regions are certain and agreed upon by everyone.
• Religion sees globalization as an opportunity to expand their reach all over the world, but it also threatens to destroy the cultural system that binds them together.
• In Islam, the Malayan government places religion at the center of the political system, and the constitution explicitly states that the Head of the Religion is the ruler of each state.
• Religious movements do not hesitate to appropriate secular themes and practices.
• Muslims view globalization as a Trojan Horse, hiding supporters of Western values like secularism, liberalism or even communism ready to spread these ideas.
• Religions are the foundations of modern republics.
• NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
• Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people, cultures, economies, and societies worldwide.
• Globalization is concerned with spreading holy ideas globally, wishing to spread goods and services, and is philosophically different from modernization.
• In Christianity, the Church of England was shaped by the rationality of modern democratic and bureaucratic culture, and the establishment of the church was a strategy to bolster the power of King Henry XIII.
• Peter Berger argues that far from being secularized, “the contemporary world is furiously religious”.
• Religion is concerned with the sacred world, values material wealth, follows the divine commandments, abides the human-made laws, and allows for the possibility of communication between humans and transcendent.
• NAM stands for Non-Aligned Movement.
• The United Nations is tasked with authorizing the international act of military intervention.
• ASEAN stands for Association of Southeast Asian Nations.