Thermoregulation By Skin

• Blood Caps reduce blood flow through capillaries to reduce heat loss
• hai trap layer of air which conduct heat poorly, reducing heat loss
• Sweat glands produce sweat which evaporates off the skin surface, cooling it by conduction
• Goosebumps is when hair stands on end, trapping warm air close to the body surface, increasing insulation
• Goosebumps increase surface area of skin exposed to air, increasing rate of heat loss by radiation
• Nerve endings (theromoreceptors) detect a decrease in temperature to generate nerve impulses
• sensory neurons transmit nerve impulses to hypothalamus
• adipose tissues - store fats , insulating layer to prevent heat loss
• hair papilla - covered with epidermal cells that divide / push new cells upwards > hair
• arterioles are controlled by vasomotor nerves by undergoing vasoconstriction or vasodilation
• Blood vessels

  > supplied blood to skin

  >contraction and dilation or arterials regulate body temp
• sweat glands

  > secrete sweat t flows through sweat duct and sweat pore to skin surface

  >surrounded by network of blood capillaries

  > when sweat evaporates from surface, remove heat
• Sensory receptors -

  >detect changes in body environment

  >thermoreceptors
• how does the body gain heat?


  metabolic activities (respiration)

  vigorous physical activities

  consumption hot food and drinks

  warm env
• how does body lose heat?

  from skin surface ( convection, radiation , conduction)

  evaporation of sweat

  faeces and urine

  exhaled air