PHYSCI

• The big bang is an expansion of space
• as the universe expands it cools
• the higher the temperature is the more energetic the particles are
• the identity of an element depends on how many protons it has
• Big bang Theory

  cosmological model stating that the universe started it's expansion about 13.8 billion years ago
• Big bang Nucleosynthesis

  the process of light element formation Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Berylium
• Nuclear Fusion

  a nuclear reaction process bonding two or more nuclei, into single, heavier one
• Stellar Nucleosynthesis

  the collective term for the nuclear reactions taking place in stars to build the nuclei of the heavier elements
• Supernova Nucleosynthesis

  the nucleosynthesis of chemical elements in supernova explosions
• Proton-proton Chain Reaction

  the first stage of nucleosynthesis where hydrogen gen is converted to helium
• Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen(CNO)Cycle

  the second stage where the cycle of reaction results to the formation of a helium nucleus
• Triple Alpha Process

  three helium 4 nuclei or alpha particles fuse to form a carbon nucleus
• Neutron Capture Process

  Nuclear reaction by which an atomic nucleus and neutron collide to form a heavier nucleus. It has two types; “S”and ”R” processes
• Atom

  the smallest unit of matter that is composed of three sub-atomic parti- cles: the proton, the neutron, and the electron.
• Isotopes

  atom with the same number of pro- tons but different number of electrons.
• Protons

  sub-atomic particle of an atom with a positive electrical charge.
• Electrons

  sub-atomic particle of an atom with a negative electric charge.
• Quarks

  fundamental constituent of matter and is defined as an elementary particles.
• Neutron

  sub-atomic particle of atom, about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge.
• Stellar Nebula is the birthplace of a stars
• In the Red Giant where happening the triple alpha process
• Astrononomy the study of celestial objects and phenomena
• Chemistry properties composition and structure of a matter
• Physics that concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy
• Geology about the composition, structure, physical properties and components and processes by which the earth is shaped
• Nuclear Fusion is the term referred to the process by which light nuclei fuse together to form a heavier nucleus
• Supernova is the explosion of the star
• Peroxisomes contain enzymes that catalyze the removal of electrons and associated hydrogen atoms
• Cisternae

  Stacked membrane folds
• Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes, derived from Golgi bodies
• Front of Golgi Apparatus - cis, Back - trans
• Golgi Apparatus


  Series of flattened sacs that modify, package, and transport materials out of the cell
• Microbodies are enclosed vesicles containing enzymes
• Vesicles

  • Collection of Golgi bodies
  • Collect, package, and distribute molecules synthesized at one location in the cell and utilized at another location
• An enzyme in peroxisomes breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
• Centrioles are paired organelles found near the nucleus, at right angles to each other, playing a role in cellular reproduction
• Cytoskeleton

  Maintains plant shape, plays a role in cellular reproduction, mainly composed of microtubules
• Microfilaments


  Framework of the cell, composed of globular protein (actin), helps change shape and move
• Lysosomes are the recycling center of the cell with an internal pH of 5, digesting food particles inside or outside the cell
• Peroxisomes are named for hydrogen peroxide produced as a by-product