[11] R&W - Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines

• Well-developed Text - result of in depth understanding and skillful use of methods and patterns of development
• Writing - any conventional system of marks or signs that represents the utterances of a language
• Patterns of Text Development

  • Narration
  • Description
  • Definition
  • Classification
  • Comparison and Contrast
  • Cause and Effect
  • Problem-Solution
  • Persuasion
• Narration - storytelling pattern of paragraph development which follows chronological sequence of events; telling a story in a written form
• A narration contains basic elements of a story: setting, characters, plot, and theme
• Objective Narration - direct and factual or based on reality
• Subjective Narration - based on a personal interpretation
• Description - to tell what something is like; appeals to the reader's senses; describes something using concrete and specific details or imagery
• Descriptive Paragraph Writing Genre

  • Literary Analysis
  • Descriptive Essays
  • Business Plans
  • Laboratory Report
  • Research Papers
• Objective Description - without any judgement
• Subjective Description - based on a personal attitude towards a subject
• Definition - intended to answer the question "what is it?"; to explain the meaning of a word, concept or idea, identifies a term and sets it apart
• Synonym - explaining the term by using the words that mean the same thing
• Class - putting a topic in a larger category to explain your term
• Negation - writer first says something is not, and then says what it is
• Classification / Exemplification - process of sorting items for the purpose of grouping those similar characteristics and distinguishing them from those with different characteristics
• Comparison - when the writer wants to point out the similarities between or among ideas
• Contrast - when the writer wants to point out the difference between or among ideas
• Cause and Effect - to point out to your readers the relationship between events or situations; points to possible consequences
• Cause - analyzing why something occurred or happened
• Effect - analyzing the end-product or result brought about something
• Problem-Solution - presents a problem and explains a solution to the problem
• Problem-Solution Pattern - organizes ideas into problems and offers solutions
• Solutions present the major effects of the problem
• Steps in Problem-Solution

  1. Identify the problem
  2. Describe the problem
  3. Determine the solution/s
  4. Explain how the solution/s can help
• Persuasion - expresses strong opinion about something to get other minds to agree to the main topic or to the idea being presented