Chapter 16: The Perfect

• The perfect tense communicates a past action with a present effect. The past action is seen as completed (the action itself is not continuing in the present), but it is not simply past history; it continues to have an effect in the present.
• The form of the perfect

  A) λελυκα

  B) λελυκας

  C) λελυκεν

  D) λελυκαμεν

  E) λελυκατε

  F) λελυκασιν

  G) λελυκως

  H) ῥερυμαι

  I) ῥερυσαι

  J) ῥερυται

  K) ῥερυμεθα

  L) ῥερυσθε

  M) ῥερυνται

  N) ῥερυμενος

  O) λελυμαι

  P) λελυσαι

  Q) λελυται

  R) λελυμεθα

  S) λελυσθε

  T) λελυνται

  U) λελυμενος

  
• Reduplication starting with a consonant

  Normally the consonant is repeated, followed by an ε

  χ, φ, θ (i.e. has an 'h' sound): The consonant is repeated without the 'h' sound, followed by an ε (κεχ, πεφ, τεθ). E.g. τεθερατευκα

  σ, ζ, ξ (i.e. has an 's' sound): The normal rule applies (thus σεσ, ζεζ, ξεξ) but normally the initial consonant is then dropped leaving, effectively, just the addition of an ε. E.g ἐζητηκα, but also σεσωκα
• Reduplication starting with a vowel

  The doubling of the vowel is represented by its lengthening.

  α -> η

  ε -> η

  ο -> ω

  e.g. ἠκολουθηκα
• Form of the Pluperfect

  A) ἐλελυκειν

  B) ἐλελυκεις

  C) ἐλελυκει

  D) ἐλελυκειμεν

  E) ἐλελυκειτε

  F) ἐλελυκεισαν

  G) ἐλελυμην

  H) ἐλελυσο

  I) ἐλελυτο

  J) ἐλελυμεθα

  K) ἐλελυσθε

  L) ἐλελυντο

  
• ἀκοη means fame, report
• ἀσθενεια means weakness, disease
• διδαχη means teaching (act and content)
• ἑορτη means festival
• ἐπιστολη means letter (correspondence)
• προσευχη means prayer
• ὑπομονη means patience
• φυλη means tribe, nation
• τριες means three (τρια with neuter nouns)
• τεσσαρες means four (τεσσαρα with neuter nouns)
• πεντε means five
• ἑξ means six
• ἑπτα means seven
• ὀκτω means eight
• ἐννεα means nine
• οὐαι means woe
• ἑωρακα means perfect active of ὁραω
• θυσια means offering, sacrifice
• κωμη means village
• μαχαιρα means sword
• νεφελη means cloud
• παρουσια means presence, coming
• περιτομη means circumcision
• πορνεια means sexual immorality
• χηρα means widow
• χωρα means country(side)
• δεκα means ten
• δωδεκα means twelve
• ἑκατον means one hundred
• χιλιας means one thousand
• πρωτος means first
• δευτερος means second
• τριτος means third
• ἀκηκοα means perfect active of ἀκουω