Chapter 1

• Bacteria are unicellular organisms and have sacs of cytoplasm. Do not have a nucleus. 
• Eukaryotes are multicellular or unicellular and contain a nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, golgi, membrane bound organelles and are larger than prokaryotic. Contain the groups plants, animals, fungi, algae, helminths and protozoa.
• Archarea live in extreme environments, and rarely cause disease. Do not have a nucleus.
• Order of organisms are domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus, and species.
• Humans can use microbes to create vaccines in order for people to build antibodies against that pathogen.
• In beer bacteria if it is left in the sugar it will make a more acidic tasting beer. Yeast can be used in place of bacteria for a non acidic tasting beer.
• Yeast is used to make bread and pastries. 
• A positive impact of microbes are Food, Healthy bacteria maintain a human’s health, vaccines, help keep the balance of O2 and CO2 in the enviornment. 
• A negative of microbes are that they can make a person or organism sick.
• Leeuwenhoek was able to visualize microbes with the first microscope.
• Francesco Redi used 2 flasks with pieces of meat in them. One had a lid and the other did not. Maggots and flies infected the meat in the flask without a lid. There were no maggots or flies on the lidded flask. People were no convinced because of small life.  
• Pasteur showed that by using two flasks which have had microbes destroyed by the heat that by having one neck be short and the other long that airborne microbes can only enter the short necked flask. On the long necked flask the microbes were stuck on the base so no microbes grew. 
• Koch’s experiment showed that microbes cause disease if given the correct environment and are isolated properly, this supported the germ theory of disease. 
• Pauster showed that if the smallest sized microbes could not reach the broth then life could not grow. This supported biogenesis. 
• Limitations of Koch's postulates are not all microbes can be grown in a a culture, specifically viruses.
• Professions that use microbiology are medical professionals, brewers, pharmacists, geneticists, research scientists, professors. 
• Joe Lister created antiseptic surgery technique.
• • Order the taxa from domain to species
  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species