ch 4 - assessment and diagnosis

• Dr. Beggs wanted to determine if her patient was depressed. To assess this, she administered a test where her patient did as many jumping jacks as she could within a minute on four different occasions. Her patient completed almost the exact same number of jumping jacks each time. However, this test was not associated with her patient's depressive symptoms. Dr. Beggs's test showed good __________ but poor __________.?

  reliability; validity
• In a client assessment, clinicians must integrate client personal details and create a meaningful picture of the client from an array of information including the client's personality traits, behavior patterns, and environmental demands. Clinicians refer to this initial assessment as a dynamic formulation because ...?

  it encompasses information about the client's current situation and provides hypotheses about what may be driving the client's behavior
• In his work with psychological test evaluation, Dr. Johnson stresses that a good assessment device must actually measure what it was designed to measure. Dr. Johnson is referring to the concept of what?

  validity
• Dr. Wang wants to administer an assessment with a new client who recently emigrated from Brazil and speaks only minimal English. After consulting with her colleagues, she finds a Portuguese version of the assessment that has been used a few times before. Before using the assessment, Dr. Wang should ensure what?

  that the measure has been tested and validated for use with Brazilians
• Research has supported the position that __________ assessment interviews yield more reliable results than do __________ assessment interviews?

  structured; unstructured
• Compared to structured interviews, semi-structured interviews tend to produce diagnoses with greater __________. However, a downside of semi-structured interviews is that they require extensive __________?

  validity; training
• One of the criticisms of the norms of the Rorschach Inkblot Test is what?

  the system tends to overpathologize clients, making them appear more disturbed than they actually are
• Why are neuropsychological assessments insufficient for diagnosis of mental disorders?

  patients with different mental disorders often perform similarly on neuropsychological tests.
• Joanna was referred to an emergency room for evaluation because of a severe episode of depression. Which of the following scenarios represents how clinicians would reach a best estimate diagnosis for Joanna?

  an interdisciplinary treatment team discusses her assessment results, provides a tentative diagnosis, and makes the treatment recommendations.
• what is the process of collecting relevant information through tests, observation and interviews, in an effort to reach a conclusion?

  assessment
• what are the 3 criteria for evaluating assessment?

  reliability, validity, and standardization
• neurological examinations are direct, while neuropsychological examinations are indirect
• structured interviews - increase reliability, provide consistent information; questions and format are the same for all participants
• physical exams - health, neurological, neuropsychogical

  psychological exams - interviews, assessments, tests
• 2 types of tests used in neuropsychological assessment: intelligence and personality tests
• 3 approaches to classification: dimensional (spectrum) categorical (black and white, present or not), and prototypal (how close one matches the prototype)
• DSM-5 intends to follow the categorical approach to classification, but in practice is prototypal