PHILO 3Q

• Telos is a greek word that means purpose or end
• Philosophy is like asking really big questions about things. It is when you ask "why" a lot.
• The Socratic Method is the method used by Socrates to question people's beliefs, values, and opinions through dialogue.
• Plato was one of Socrates’ most famous students who wrote down his teachings and ideas.
• Physis means nature
• Psyche means mind
• 3 things to question about that is worthy nare: life, meaning, choice
• Epistemology is examining the nature, origin, limits of knowledge. Questions include how we acquire knowledge, reliability of our seasons, and role of reason
• Epistemology is the theory of knowledge
• Metaphysics is the theory of reality or existence
• Metaphysics is investigating the fundamental nature of reality, existence, and being. this includes questions about the nature of space, time, causation, and relationship between mind and body.
• meta means beyond
• ethics refers to the moral philosophy
• ethics explores questions related to morality, values, and ethical principles. this involves inquiries into what is considered morally right or wrong and the nature of moral obligation.
• The greek origin of philosophy is Philosophia
• philo means love or loving and sophia means wisdom
• Philosophy is the love of wisdom. it is the pursuit of truth, beauty, and being
• Philosophaster is a pretender to philosophical knowledge; pilosopo in the negative sense
• the first thinker who coined the word philosophy was pythagoras
• Pythagoras is the greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the Pythagorean brotherhood. he formulated principles that influenced the thought of plato and aristotle, although religious in nature.
• philosophy is the constant search for truth and meaning in life
• muthos means story telling or cosmic relation
• logos is the principle of knowledge, speech, word, logic, or reason
• wonder means to stupify, to be stupified, or stupefication. it is to push oneself beyond the question and driven to inspire to fill gaps
• Homer is a greek poet, and author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. His epic poems shaped aspects of ancient greek culture and education, fostering ideals of heroism, glory, and honor. he is considered one of the most revered and influential authors in history
• iliad is an epic poem which centers on a quarrel between king Agamemnon and the warrior achilles during last year of trojan war
• Wonder, as stupefaction, is the state of confusion that drives us to ask and doubt to move to seek for answers
• logos questions the verasity or truth of muthos that makes it the center of philosophical inquiry
• In pre-socratic era, only a few written traces and allusions from subsequent philosophers and historians exist from their writings
• Pre-socratic era = these are thinkers that were born and active before the time of socrates or live as his contemporary
• Pre-socratic era = commonly called 'natural thinkers' but not philosophers in the strictest sense as they view the world as mythology
• Pre-socratic era = the operative theme was cosmocentrism
• Cosmocentric = the universe is the central object of knowledge and interest
• the 3 kings were not kings, rather are astronomers
• Odyssey (Ulysses) is another epic attributed to Homer, following the chronicles of the ten-year journey of Odysseus as he tries to return home after the Trojan war
• Hesiod is a greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 ND 650 bc, AROUND THE SAME TIME AS HOMER
• muthos and logos are 2 greek terms that signify different ways of understanding and explaining the world
• in ancient greece, muthos referred to myths, narratives, and stories that conveyed moral, cultural, and religious truth
• logos represented rational discourse, logic, and reasoned explanations
• thales - water is the basic element which originates everything