chapter 1 terms

• behaviourism studies and controls behavior
• biopsychology is the study of how biology influences behaviour
• clinical psychology focuses on diagnosis and treatment of disorders
• cognitive psychology studies thoughts and their relationship to actions
• counselling psychology focuses on emotional, social improvement
• developmental psychology focuses on development across one’s life
• forensic psychology applies psychology in the study of the justice system
• functionalism focuses on one‘s ability to adapt to their environment
• humanism emphasizes the idea that humans are inherently good
• introspection is a process in which someone examines their conscience
• structuralism is an understanding of the conscious experience through introspection
• attrition is when participants drop out of a study over time
• confirmation bias is the tendency to ignore everything that disproves one’s beliefs
• a confounding variable is an outside factor that affects both variables of interest, giving the illusion of a causal relationship
• debriefing is when participants are told what the information that was kept from then due to deception
• deception is purposely misleading your participants
• deductive reasoning is when results are predicted based on a general idea
• the dependent variable is the one that is measured to see the effects of the independent variable
• a double-blind study is where the researchers and the participants are blind to each other
• action potential is the electrical signal that travels through an axon
• the adrenal gland delivers hormones that respond to stress
• an agonist mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter
• the all-or-none phenomenon states that a signal is either excites the cell or does not
• an allele is a separate version of a gene
• the amygdala is a structure in the limbic system that is involved in the experience of emotion
• an antagonist blocks the actions of a neurotransmitter
• the auditory cortex is in the temporal lobe and blocks the action of a neurotransmitter
• the automatic nervous system controls internal organs
• an axon is a long extension of a neuron that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body
• the biological perspective states that disorders are associated with neurotransmitter imbalances
• Broca's area is located in the frontal lobe and is responsible for speech production
• the central nervous system includes the brain and spinal chord
• the cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination, and is located in the back of the brain
• the cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain and is responsible for conscious thought and memory
• the corpus callosum is a bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres
• the dendrite is the part of the neuron that recieves signals from other neurons
• diabetes is a disease that stems from an inability to produce insulin
• EEGs measure the brain's electrical activity via electrodes on the scalp
• epigenetics is the study of how environmental factors can alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence
• an fMRI is an MRI that shows change over time