intro to microbio

• biology 


  study of living organisms
• microbiology


  an advanced biology course
• microbiology

  study of microbes
• microbes


  extremely small living organisms and certain non-living organisms
• living microbes

  known as cellular microbes or microorganisms
• acellular microbes


  Nonliving microbes
• acellular microbes


  examples include viroids, prions, and viruses
• acellular microbes


  are infectious particles
• cellular microbes


  are microorganisms
• cellular microbes


  living microbes
• cellular microbes


  examples include bacteria, archaea, some algae, protozoa, and some fungi
• germs


  microbes that cause disease generally are referred to as
• pathogens


  scientific term for disease-causing microbes
• nonpathogens

  Microbes that do not cause disease are called
• nonpathogen


  the vast majority of microbes
• indigenous microbiota


  Microbes that live on and in our bodies
• Opportunistic pathogens


  microbes that can cause disease, but usually do not
• infectious diseases and microbial intoxications

  two categories of diseases caused by pathogens
• infectious diseases


  disease caused by pathogen
• microbial intoxications


  disease caused by the toxin of pathogen
• saphrophytes


  organisms that live on dead and/or decaying organic matter
• bioremediation


  use of microbes to clean up toxic wastes and other industrial waste products
• Photosynthetic algae and bacteria (cyanobacteria)


  produce much of the oxygen in our atmosphere
• Algae and bacteria


  serve as food for tiny animals
• biotechnology


  use of living organisms or their derivatives to make or modify useful products or processes
• archaea and cyanobacteria


  Candidates for the first microorganisms on Earth
• Egypt


  Earliest known account of pestilence occurred in the country of
• 3.5 billion years


  Fossils of primitive microorganisms date back about
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek


  Father of Microbiology
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek


  Made many simple single-lens microscopes
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek


  observed animalcules
• Louis Pasteur


  French chemist who made numerous contributions to microbiology
• Louis Pasteur


  Investigated different fermentation products
• Louis Pasteur


  Developed the pasteurization process
• Louis Pasteur


  Discovered life forms that could exist without oxygen
• Louis Pasteur 


  Developed several vaccines, including rabies and anthrax vaccines
• Robert Koch


  German physician who made numerous contributions to microbiology
• Robert Koch


  Made significant contributions to the germ theory of disease
• Robert Koch


  Discovered that Bacillus anthracis produced spores
• Robert Koch


  Developed methods of fixing and staining bacteria