Functions and Typologies of Communities

• social spaces


  either a geographical or virtual community where people gather or network with one another due to common interests
• for-benefit sectors


  a hybrid merger of the characteristics found in private and public sectors
• voluntary sectors


  promote the development of the full potential of human beings, safeguard their human rights, and pursue sociocivic causes for the good of humanity and the environment
• voluntary sectors


  also known as nonprofit organizations
• public sectors


  responsible for promoting the common good, providing security from external threats, and maintaining peace and order
• private sectors


  refer to businesses or enterprises that are responsible for producing goods and services to meet people's need and wants, promoting economic growth, and generating wealth
• 4 types of community sectors

  private, public, voluntary, and for-benefit sectors
• community sectors


  refer to the subdivisions of society that represent clusters of social institutions according to their social, economic, and political functions
• global


  is a term used to characterize the interconnectivity of people or countries all over the world
• local


  is a term often used to denote a geographically bounded community such as territorial enclave, village, barangay
• rurban


  difficult to access and do not have well-developed roads leading to cities
• rurban


  communities that have both urban and rural characteristics
• suburban


  residential or mix-used areas located at the city outskirts or within the commuting distance of a city
• rural


  has a small, low-density, and homogenous population
• rural


  territorial enclaves or small villages
• urban


  has a large, high-density, and heterogenous population
• urban


  cities or big towns
• gesellschaft


  human associations that are formal, rational, heterogenous, and individually-oriented
• gemeinschaft


  human associations that are intimate (f2f relations!), informal, caring, homogenous, and group-welfare oriented
• gesellschaft


  associational society
• gemeinschaft


  communal society
• Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Communities


  were developed by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies
• Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Communities


  the ideal types of human associations found in communities
• typologies of a community


  1. Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft,

  2. Urban and Rural,

  3. Suburban and Rurban,

  4. Local and Global,

  5. Community sectors,

  6. Social space
• trade


  pertains to small, medium, and even large-scale enterprises and business activities involving the sale and purchase of goods, services, and information
• business climate


  refers to the attitudes, laws, regulations, and policies of the government and lending institutions toward businesses, enterprises, and business activities
• vulnerability context


  may be in the form of sudden shocks and critical trends (ex: biglaang price hike or natural disaster)
• vulnerability context


  pertains to the insecurity in the well-being of individuals and households in the community
• capital assets


  refers to a property or anything that is owned and has an economic value which is expected to generate profit for a long period of time
• 4 elements of economic structure


  1. capital assets,

  2. vulnerability context,

  3. business climate,

  4. trade
• economic structure


  pertains to various organized ways and means through which the people in the community produce goods and services, allocate limited resources, and generate wealth in order to satisfy their needs and wants
• leadership structure


  refers to the composition of recognized leaders in the community and the lines or workflow of their authority
• power relations


  talks of 2 groups: majority and minority groups
• power relations


  pertain to how different groups in the community are able to interact with and control other groups
• citizenship norms


  these norms are focused on citizen participation in three areas: political, policy, and social norms
• citizenship norms


  the shared set of expectations about the citizen's role in politics
• political organizations


  pertain either to political parties or political groups in the community who are engaged in political activities
• 4 elements of political structure


  1. political organizations,

  2. citizenship norms,

  3. power relations,

  4. leadership structure
• political structure


  refers to the people's established ways of allocating power and making decisions in running and managing community affairs
• artifacts


  may even serve as relics which can be considered sacred, lucky, or endowed with mystical properties