Randomized

• a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species where one organism benefits, and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

  Commensalism
• relationship where both species benefit

  Mutualism
• relationship where one species benefits at the expense of the other

  Parasitism
• relationship where one species benefits at the expense of the other

  Parasitism
• relationship of barnacles and whales

  Commensalism
• catalyze the hydrolysis of bonds by adding water molecules (e.g. lactase, lipase, and protease)

  Hydrolase
• a hydrolase that breaks down lipids (or fats)

  Lipase
• a glycoside hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch (carbohydrate) and glycogen into simpler sugars, such as maltose, which can then be further broken down into glucose

  Amylase
• Cofactors - typically metal ions (e.g. iron (Fe))

  Coenzymes - organic molecules (e.g. vitamins)
• a non-protein molecule that supports a biochemical reaction

  Cofactor
• an enzyme that has lost its normal three-dimensional, or tertiary, structureand can no longer bind to its substrate

  Denatured enzyme
• Cutaneous membrane(waterproof)


  skin
• Mucous membrane(has cilia)


  lining passageways and chambers with mucus and keeps them moist
• Sodium-Potassium Pump


  3Na and 2K (active transport) against the concentration gradient
• Volatilization


  is the process of converting a liquid or solid chemical into a vapor or gaseous state
• Denitrification


  is a microbial process that converts nitrogen from soil and aquatic systems into a gas that is released into the atmosphere
• Leaching 


  occurs as excess water removes water-soluble nutrients out of the soil, by runoff or drainage