DRRR11

• Thunderstorm

  Weather condition that has thunder and lightning, with heavy rainfall and can possibly create a tornado

  
• Thunderstorm


  • Violent, transient type of weather disturbance associated with the day but happen mostly in the afternoon or evening during summer

  
• Three Requirements for the Formation of a thunderstorm

  • Moisture (water vapor) in the lower atmosphere, it produces clouds and precipitation
  • An unstable, rapidly rising mass of warm air
  • A strong upward current of air to force moisture to higher, colder levels of the atmosphere

  
• Thunderstorm Life Cycle

  1. Developing cumulus stage

  2. The Mature Stage

  3. The Final or dissipating Stage

  
• Developing cumulus stage


  Begin with the upward growth of a cumulus cloud due to the continuous updraft and supply of moisture
• The Mature Stage


  Indicate by the initiation of strong downward current of air (downdraft) and by precipitation, the thunderstorm keeps growing until it reaches the tropopause

  
• The Final or dissipating Stage


  When the updrafts are prevented by the cold air of the downdrafts in the lower portions of the clouds
• Lightning


  Abrupt natural, visible high voltage electrical discharge which takes place when positive and negative charges join within the clouds, between clouds or a cloud on the ground

  
• Thunder


  Acoustic effect of sudden expansion of air caused by the heat released during lightning strike
• Light travels at a rate of 3x10^8 m/s while sound travels only at a rate of 344m/s
• Cloud to ground lightning


  The most dangerous type of lightning
• Effects of Lightning Strike to Human

  • Direct harm through contact with lightning channel or conductor
  • Blunt force trauma or hearing damage
  • Injuries or casualties through secondary effects like explosions and fire
• Lightning Safety Rules

  • Stay indoors during thunderstorm
  • Do not leave classroom or school building until thunderstorm has fully ended
  • Wait at least 30 minutes after last thunder roar before going outdoors
• Danger Indoors

  • Avoid staying near windows or glass doors
  • Avoid contact with appliances, light switches, electric sockets, faucets, pipes, shower heads, steel bannisters, mobile phones or telephones
• Danger Outdoors

  • Avoid open vehicles and small unenclosed structures
  • Do not touch electrical wires or plumbing
  • Avoid using umbrella as it can attract lightning
  • Provide assistance if someone is struck by lightning
• It is not true that one can be electrified by touching a person hit by lightning
• Effects of lightning on infrastructure and technology

  • Produces acid rain which can cause deterioration of buildings
  • Overhead power and telephone cables, satellite dishes, and antennas may be hit by lightning strikes
• Tropopause - separates stratosphere and troposphere.
• 3 Hazards of Thunderstorm

  Lightning, Thunder, Cloud to ground lightning
• Tornadoes


  Narrow, funnel-or cylindrical-shaped, and intensely rotating columns of wind that form during a powerful thunderstorms and extend from the base of cumulonimbus cloud down to the earth surface

  
• Tornadoes

  • Rotate usually in a counterclockwise direction
  • Reach speeds of up to almost 500 km/h
  • Can reach more than 1.5 km and can travel for more than 100 km

  
• Tornadoes

  Also known as twisters and erroneously, as cyclones
• Tornadoes

  Locally called buhawi or ipo-ipo
• Tornadoes can cause damage and claim lives in communities in a matter of seconds
• Tornadoes can form very quickly that issuing warnings may be impossible
• Waterspouts


  Basically the same as tornadoes, the only difference is that the rotating column of wind moves over a body of water

  
• Waterspouts

  • Formations are spawned by thunderstorms

  
• Get in, Get down, and Cover Up


  The most important phrase to keep in mind to survive or avoid getting hurt during a tornado
• Get in


  1. If you are outdoors, immediately seek shelter in a sturdy house or building

  2. When you are inside already, go into the innermost portion of the structure to surround yourself with as much shield as possible
• Get down


  1. Go to the lowest level of the structure

  2. If there is a basement, this would be a good place to hide

  3. If there is no basement, at least go to the lowest part
• Cover up


  1. Protect yourself from debris that may possibly fail or fly by and hit you

  2. Getting hit by debris is the most common cause of death during tornado

  3. Use pillows, thick coats, helmets, and anything that could protect your entire body
• Types of thunderstorm

  Single cell, Multi cell, Super cell
• Single cell


  Small brief, weak, storms that grow and die within an hour. Produces heavy rain and lightning.
• Multi cell


  Consist of multiple updrafts and downdrafts. Produces heavy rain, hail, lightning, and strong winds.
• super cell


  Most severe type of thunderstorm. Produces large hail, damaging winds, tornadoes, and intense rainfall.
• Hail


  A type of solid precipitation
• Hailstone


  The individual piece of layered, rounded or irregularly-shaped ice which occasionally produced during a thunderstorm

  
• Hailstorm


  Produced by a thunderstorm
• Hail Formation

  1. High amount of moist warm air ascends very quickly into thunderstorm clouds

  2. The water droplets from condensation reach the freezing level so fast
• Factors Favoring Hail


  • Lower temperature
  • Stronger updrafts caused by horizontal winds that tend to be forced upward upon hitting mountains (an effect called orographic lifting)
  • Shorter distance between the clouds and the high grounds which delays melting of hailstone