Part 1: Ionic Bonding

• Name three types of chemical bond?

  • Ionic
  • Covalent
  • Metallic
• Define ionic bonding?

  Electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
• Define covalent bonding?

  Electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei of two atoms and a shared pair of negative electrons
• Define Metallic bonding?

  Electrostatic attraction between positively charged ions and delocalized electrons
• What type of atoms form ionic bonds?

  Non-Metals and metals
• What type of atoms form covalent bonds?

  Non-metals only
• What type of atoms form metallic bonds?

  Metals only
• What happens to the outer shell electrons when ionic bonds form?

  Electrons are always transferred from the metal to the non-metal
• What happens to the metal atoms in ionic bonding?

  They lose their outer shell electrons to have a full shell and form a positively charged ion
• How can you find out the size of the positive charge on a metal ion?

  The group number except for transition metals, their charge is shown by roman numerals
• What happens to the non-metal atoms in ionic bonding?

  They gain outer shell electrons to fill their shell and become negatively charged ions
• How can you find out the size of the negative charge on a non-metal ion?

  8 minus the group number
• What charge does group 1 metal have?

  1+
• What charge will group 2 metal have?

  2+
• What charge will group 3 metal have?

  3+
• What charge will Group 7 non-metal have?

  -1
• What charge will group 6 non-metal have?

  -2
• What charge will a group 5 non-metal have?

  -3
• Why do atoms become ions?

  To attain a full outer electron shell.
• How do you describe ionic bonding in terms of electron transfer?

  1. State what has happened to the electrons in the metal and then non-metal.
  2. State the charges on the ions that form.
  3. Give the formula of the ionic compound formed.
  4. State why they transfer electrons
• Name the first three halide ions?

  • Fluoride
  • Chloride
  • Bromide
• Name and write the formula of the GCSE molecular positive ion?

  Ammonium, NH4$^+$
• Name and write the formula of the GCSE molecular 1- ions?

  • Hydroxide, OH-
  • Nitrate, NO3-
• Name and write the formula of the GCSE molecular 2- ions?

  • Sulfate, SO4$^2$$^-$
  • Carbonate, CO3 $^2$$^-$
• Name and write the formula of the GCSE molecular 3- ion?

  Phosphate, PO4$^3$$^-$
• Describe how you can work out the molecular formula of an ionic compound?

  Label each ions charge. Assign each ion the number of the oppositely charged ion