1.1 Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding

• What is the structure of a water molecule?

  One oxygen, two hydrogen
• Hydrogen bonding occurs between water molecules due to their polarity.
• The oxygen atom in a water molecule is more electronegative
• What type of charge does the oxygen atom in a water molecule have?

  Partial negative (δ⁻)
• The high boiling point of water is due to the energy required to break hydrogen bonds.
• What property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

  High surface tension
• Water's high specific heat capacity allows it to absorb a large amount of heat
• Hydrogen bonds are stronger than covalent bonds.

  False
• What is the molecular shape of a water molecule?

  Bent
• The partial positive charge on hydrogen atoms is attracted to the partial negative charge on oxygen
• Why does water have a high boiling point?

  Hydrogen bonds require energy
• Water's high specific heat capacity helps stabilize temperatures in living cells.
• Match the property of water with its explanation:

  Cohesion ↔️ Water molecules stick together

  Adhesion ↔️ Water sticks to other surfaces

  High Specific Heat ↔️ Requires energy to break bonds
• Water's evaporative cooling helps dissipate excess heat
• The properties of water arising from hydrogen bonding are crucial for supporting life processes.
• What property of water allows it to move up plant stems through capillary action?

  Cohesion
• Cohesion in water molecules is essential for capillary action
• Water's high specific heat helps regulate body temperature in animals.
• Match the property of water with its relevance to life:

  High Specific Heat ↔️ Stabilizes body temperature

  Cohesion ↔️ Allows water to move up plant stems

  Evaporative Cooling ↔️ Dissipates excess heat
• What type of arrangement does a water molecule have?

  Tetrahedral
• Hydrogen bonds are weak intermolecular forces compared to covalent bonds.
• What type of charge is on the oxygen atom in a water molecule?

  Partial negative
• What is the shape of a water molecule due to its tetrahedral arrangement?

  Bent
• The oxygen atom in a water molecule is more electronegative
• Hydrogen bonding in water is stronger than covalent bonding.

  False
• What is the type of charge on the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule that allows it to form hydrogen bonds?

  Partial positive
• The high boiling point of water is due to the energy needed to break hydrogen bonds
• The high surface tension of water is caused by hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
• Why does water have a high specific heat capacity?

  Hydrogen bonds require energy
• Cohesion in water refers to its ability to stick to itself
• Match the property of water with its explanation:

  High boiling point ↔️ Hydrogen bonds require more energy to break

  High surface tension ↔️ Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together at the surface

  High specific heat capacity ↔️ Hydrogen bonds absorb heat

  Cohesion and adhesion ↔️ Water sticks to itself and other surfaces
• Water's unique properties arise from the polarity of its molecules.
• What is the role of cohesion in water's movement through plant stems?

  Capillary action
• Adhesion in water allows it to stick to other surfaces
• Water's surface tension allows insects to walk on its surface.
• How does water's high specific heat help stabilize temperatures in cells?

  Absorbs excess heat
• Evaporative cooling occurs when water absorbs heat during evaporation
• Water's properties arising from hydrogen bonding are essential for supporting life processes.
• What property of water allows it to move up plant stems through capillary action?

  Cohesion
• Water's adhesion enables it to adhere to surfaces