Chemical Bonding - Chapter 5

• hydrogen bond

  particular types of dipole-dipole attractions between molecules in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine. the hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge and is attracted to the electronegative atom in another molecule, thus the hydrogen bond acts as a bridge between two electronegative atoms in separate molecules
• dipole-dipole forces

  forces of attraction between the negative pole of one polar molecule and the positive pole of another polar molecule
• van der waals forces


  weak attractive forces between molecules resulting from the formation of temporary dipoles
• intermolecular forces

  forces of attraction that exist between molecules
• intramolecular bonding

  bonding that takes place within a molecule
• polar covalent bond


  bond in which there is unequal sharing of the pair(s) of electrons
• electronegativity


  the relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond
• pi bond

  formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals
• sigma bonding

  formed by the head-on overlap of two atomic orbitals
• valency

  the number of atoms of a monovalent element with which each atom of the element combines
• molecule

  group of atoms joined together and is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently
• transition metals

  forms at least one ion with a partially filled d sublevel (have variable valency / form coloured compounds / used as catalysts)
• ionic bond

  the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound
• ion

  a charged atom or group of atoms
• octet rule

  atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost energy level
• compound

  a substance that is made up of two or more different elements combined together chemically