Division of Literature

• Poetry comes from a Medieval Latin poetria, from Latin poeta ‘poet’ and from the Greek word poesis for ‘a making,’ is notable for its unusual structure and meter in language. It uses a number of literary techniques which serve to make it stand apart from prose with obvious differences in rhythm, imagery, and meaning.
• Prose is a term from the Latin word prosa (oratio) which means straightforward (discourse) and is the type of writing that mimics everyday speech. It consists of both fiction and non-fiction, imaginative and factual writing.
• Short Stories are a type of prose that usually encompasses less than 7,500 words but can be limited to as less as 500 words.
• Short Stories have been around for thousands of years.
• Factual Prose is commonly used for the writing of short stories and novels.
• Factual Prose did not actually develop into a more methodical and orderly form until a few centuries ago.
• Letters refer to any form of written and printed communication addressed to a person or group which is habitually sent out by correspondence.
• Novels refer to long stories written in prose which give an extra freedom to the writer to experiment with different literary styles.
• Novels consist of over 40, 000 words to complete the whole novel.
• Diaries are records of everyday events, experiences, activities, observations, etc.
• Diaries are also books for keeping records for personal, occupational, or business use.
• Three other kinds of prose are journals, testimonies, and personal essays which are less commonly used.
• Plot is called the “framework” or “skeleton” of the story. It refers to the sequence of events that are linked together. The following terms explain what happens in a plot.
• Exposition (Introduction) – This comes at the beginning of a story.
•   Rising Action (Complication) – The struggle grows stronger.
• Climax – The most exciting part in the story. It is the turning point.
• Falling Action – Events move towards the end of the story.
• Resolution (Denouement) – The study is brought to an end.
• Character refers to the person or individual in a story that performs the action of the plot.
• Characterization is the process of revealing the personality of a character in a story.
• Dynamic Character changes as a result of the action of the story.
• Static Character does not change much in the course of the story.
• Protagonist is the central person in the story and is often referred to as the story’s main character.
• A protagonist can either be good or evil.
• Antagonist is the character or force that comes into conflict with the protagonist which can be another person, animal, a force of nature, society, or the character’s own conscience.
• Minor Characters are characters who play a minor role within the story.
• The conflict in a short story is a struggle between two or more characters.
• External conflict emphasizes the conflict between the character and an outside force.
• Man vs. Man is a type of conflict where one character struggles with another character, usually the clash between protagonist and antagonist.
• Man vs. Nature is a type of conflict where a character struggles with a force of nature, usually surviving against desolation or an animal.
• Man vs. Society is a type of conflict where a character, or a group of characters, fight against the society in which they live, often for freedom, rights, or a cause.
• Internal conflict is a type of conflict between a character and himself/herself, where the character struggles with some personal quality that is causing troubles.
• Man vs. Himself/Herself is a type of conflict where the character’s struggle takes place in his/her own mind, often related to a choice between right and wrong, or overcoming one’s feelings and emotions.
• Setting refers to the time and locale of the story, answering the question “where” and “when”.
• Point of View (POV) is the direction from which the writer has chosen to tell the story, from whose consciousness the reader hears, sees, and feels the story.
• First Person is a type of Point of View where one of the characters tells the story, talking directly to the reader.
• Third Person Omniscient is a type of Point of View where an all-knowing narrator refers to all the characters as “he” and “she”, and knows and identifies the thoughts and feelings of all the characters.
• Third Person Limited is a type of Point of View where the narrator centers on the thoughts and feelings of just one character, readers experience the events of the story through the memory and senses of one single character.
• PROSE is the most archetypal form of written language.
• Fiction is a literary genre that tells about imaginary characters and events, some based on real people and some not.