Multi Store Model

• For Unit 1, what key theory requires detailed knowledge, including its parts, supporting research, and strengths and weaknesses?

  Multi Store Model of Memory
• Why should students aiming for the top band learn Shiffrin's addition of the Elaborative Rehearsal?

  It provides a deeper understanding of memory
• What should students be able to do with the Multi Store Model?

  Apply it to explain remembering and forgetting
• Who developed the Multi Store Model of Memory?

  Atkinson & Shiffrin
• What is another name for the Multi Store Model of Memory?

  Three Stage memory model
• What type of model is the Multi Store Model of Memory?

  Linear model
• According to the Multi Store Model, how many distinct memory stores are there?

  Three
• What are the three memory stores proposed by the Multi Store Model?

  Sensory Memory, STM, and LTM
• What was the prevailing view of memory before Atkinson & Shiffrin's research?

  Learned behavior
• Atkinson & Shiffrin's work moved memory research toward what idea?

  Information processing
• The shift towards information processing was part of what movement in Psychology?

  Cognitive Revolution
• What does the Multi Store Model resemble because it expresses memory processes as a diagram or flowchart?

  Information processing used by a computer
• What neurological condition can the Multi Store Model help explain?

  Alzheimer's
• What further develops the Multi Store Model?

  Working Memory and Tulving's research
• According to the Multi Store Model, how does information initially enter the memory system?

  Through the 5 senses
• How long does information last in Sensory Memory?

  Less than a second
• What is the duration of Short Term Memory (STM)?

  Up to 20 seconds
• What process is required for information to transfer from STM to LTM?

  Rehearsal
• According to the MSM what happens when information is retrieved from LTM?

  It is brought back into STM
• According to the MSM what happens when information is recalled from STM?

  It is brought into the conscious mind
• How many items of information can the rehearsal loop store?

  Up to 9 items
• According to the MSM, what happens the more often information is "looped" through the STM?

  The more securely it is rehearsed
• What types of encoding did Atkinson & Shiffrin focus on?

  Acoustic and semantic
• According to Atkinson & Shiffrin, what type of encoding does STM primarily use?

  Acoustic
• According to Atkinson & Shiffrin, what type of encoding does LTM favour?

  Semantic
• What technique is often used in research into the Rehearsal Loop?

  Brown-Peterson Technique
• In the Brown-Peterson Technique, what type of information might participants learn?

  Three-letter trigrams
• According to studies using the Brown-Peterson Technique, when do participants forget most trigrams?

  After 9 seconds of interference
• What did Miller's (1957) study focus on?

  The Magic Number 7, plus or minus 2
• According to Miller, what is the capacity of STM?

  7 items plus or minus 2
• What are "bits" of information grouped together into, according to Miller?

  Chunks
• What happens when STM holds more information in chunks, according to Miller?

  It loses accuracy
• Who conducted a study on forgetting and discovered the primacy/recency effect?

  Glanzer & Cunitz (1966)
• According to Glanzer & Cunitz, why are primacy words well-rehearsed?

  Encoded in LTM
• What is the primacy/recency effect?

  Recall more from beginning/end of list
• Why are middle words less likely to be recalled?

  Displaced by recency words
• According to Glanzer & Cunitz, why are recency words easily recalled?

  Still in the Rehearsal Loop
• What theory explains why middle words are displaced due to the limited capacity of STM?

  Displacement Theory
• What type of rehearsal did Atkinson & Shiffrin originally propose for the Rehearsal Loop?

  Maintenance Rehearsal
• What is Maintenance Rehearsal similar to?

  Rote learning