geography keywords + defintions

• non renewable = finite, no more being created
• renewable = infinite, can be re-used
• sustainable = causing little or no damage to an environment
• recyclable = using what would normally have been wasted
• fracking = high pressure fluid extraction, gas or oil from deep rock
• climate - countries will have more energy because hot and windy places make it easier for countries to produce more renewable energy
• physical factor - countries will have more energy because the geology of an area will determine the location and availability of fossil fuels


  examples: natural gas + oil trapped in rocks, geothermal energy is produced in places of tectonic areas like Iceland
• political factor - countries will have less energy because corruption in governments can impact the distribution of energy sources


  examples: middle east has a lot of oil consuming countries which are looking for alternative sources
• access to technology - countries will have more energy because allowing the exploitation of energy sources in remote areas contributes to the overall energy availability to be increased. although, less developed countries in technology without advanced energy wont be able to access some energy
• cost of extraction - countries will have less energy because some energy sources are costly to extract. LICS wont be able to maintain or install power stations so they wont be able to extract energy. 


  examples: oil rigs, pipelines, nuclear power stations are expensive to build
• how energy is made - (nuclear energy) through the burning of radioactive material to spin a turbine to produce energy
• advantages of nuclear energy:

  1. nuclear produces little to no emissions
  2. cheap way of extracting
  3. can use nuclear power to extract energy anywhere


  disadvantages of nuclear energy:

  1. nuclear us not sustainable as radioactive material will run out
  2. radioactive can be dangerous if not serviced
  3. need to deposit remains
• fracking = high pressure fluid extraction, gas or oil from deep rock


  advantages:

  • cheap and slightly cleaner
  • gas is a cheaper source of energy
  • less relying on foreign countries for energy the UK relies on russia or norway for gas

  disadvantages:

  • 72 trillion gallons of water used in fracking in the US
  • ecosystems harmed from poisonous chemicals
  • harmful toxins such as methane released into the air
• UK energy mix - (to describe) a chart that holds the amount of different types of energy that the UK uses. specific sources fit into the category of non renewable and the others, are renewable energy sources. as they all have their own pros and cons, they all have different impacts. the total amount used for non renewable sources in the UK is 79%, whilst renewable is at 19.3%.


  highest renewable source = wind, because the UK is an island and water turbines are stored in the ocean

  highest non renewable = coal and gas, because they're cheap
• Renewable energy is an infinite source, examples include wind, solar, geothermal, and hydroelectric.
• Renewable energy is generated from sources that are naturally replenished and have a minimal impact on the environment.
• The advantages of renewable energy include sustainability for the environment and future, combating climate change, improving air quality, providing a long term and reliable energy supply, and utilizing natural sources.
• Disadvantages of renewable energy include sources such as solar and wind being dependent on weather conditions, significant land use which can impact ecosystems, challenges with energy storage, and potentially not being available in specific areas.
• non renewable = finite energy source


  examples:

  • fossil fuels
  • coal
  • oil
  • gas
  • nuclear energy
• advantages of non renewable:

  • constant and reliable power
  • high energy density (provides lot of energy)
  • more affordable than renewable, cheap

  disadvantages of non renewable:

  • burning fossil fuels lead to major contributions to climate change and global warming
  • sources are finite, lead to source depletion
  • can cause health risks to humans
• to decrease prices for energy in homes, alternatives can be:

  • using LED lights or candles instead of lightbulbs
  • taking shorter showers
  • switch off plugs when not in use