point 6

• For centuries, most of the rural population worked in agricultural activities. Households made the objects they needed for themselves (home production), or ordered them from artisan workshops (craft production). In these workshops, craftspeople made products one at a time, from start to finish.
• Industrial production emerged in the second half of the 18th century in England.
• Industrial production took place in factories that used mechanisation and the division of labour.
• Large-scale production was made possible through industrial production, allowing the production of large numbers of the same products in less time and at lower cost.
• The selling price of products was lowered due to industrial production, making them accessible to more people.
• Industrialisation brought about a profound economic and social transformation, known as the Industrial Revolution.
• The Industrial Revolution was the first of various industrial revolutions.
• Not all countries have begun or completed an industrial revolution.
• Each of the industrial revolutions relied on different energy sources and technological innovations.
• Today's most developed societies are characterised by new technological developments and hyper-connectivity.
• Tertiarisation of industry is sometimes referred to.
• A Fourth Industrial Revolution (or Industry 4.0) is taking place.
• The characteristics of Industry 4.0 include digitalisation processes applied in all production phases in factories, with information systems capable of analysing and processing large amounts of data (big data) used to improve efficiency and decision-making.
• As a result of Industry 4.0, factories are automated and digitalised, requiring fewer workers but needing highly skilled workers.
• Businesses require a new structure and organisation of work due to Industry 4.0.
• Industrial companies, especially those in cutting-edge sectors, often allocate a significant percentage of their capital to research and technological innovation, known as research and development (R&D).
• Automation enables companies to improve their accounting and financial tasks, human resources management, warehousing, and customer service.
• Peripheral services include marketing, logistics, design, research, etc.
• Industrial automation is not only carried out by physical robots, with robotic process automation increasingly being used.
• Peripheral services belong to the tertiary sector, but are integrated into the industrial process.
• Today's industry requires companies to continuously improve their products to stay competitive in a global market.
• A growing number of industrial companies are developing peripheral services, which are not part of the manufacturing process but are essential to the smooth running of the business.
• Process robotics consists of software that learns from experience and can perform a company's repetitive IT tasks quickly and reliably.