CHAPTER 1

• Variables at a nominal level of measurement are qualitative variables that do not carry information regarding quantity.
• The variable "right-handed", "left-handed", and "ambidextrous" is at a/an nominal level of measurement.
• At an interval level of measurement, the score of 4 is two points away from the score of 2.
• Frequencies can be used to analyze nominal variables.
• Ordinal scales have the property of ranks.
• At a/an ratio scale, the score of 4 is twice the score of 2.
• The zero point in an interval scale does not mean the absence of the property.
• There can be more than two modes.
• Subtraction is the arithmetic operation proper to computing deviations from the mean.
• Deviations from the mean can take on negative values.
• Squared deviations from the mean are used to compute the variance
• Square root is used to compute the standard deviation.
• The sum of scores’ deviations from the mean is always zero.
• Extremely low or high scores have an effect on the mean but no effect on the median.
• The range is not a measure of central tendency.
• How far apart scores in a set are from each other is captured by the variance.
• How far apart scores in a set are from the mean is captued by the variance.
• The larger the mean deviation, the larger the variability of the scores.
• What is averaged in the formula of absolute mean deviation is the absolute values of the difference between a score and the mean.
• The absolute mean deviation is the avergae of absolute values, so it cannot be negative.
• The larger the mean deviation, the larger the variability of the scores.
• The variance is the average of squared mean deviations. 
• Extremely high or low scores on a distribution will make the mean higher or lower, respectively, than if these scores are omitted in the distribution.
• The standard deviation is known if the variance is known.
• Numbers and measures are not appropriate for depicting psychological phenomenon.

  False
• Nina learned that her “Future Aspirations” score is 25.  TRUE/FALSE: This score is readily interpretable without need for additional information

  False
• Frequency refers to the number of times that a certain case or situation has been observed.


  True
• Suppose 50 boys and 75 girls participated in a math tutorial session.  The teacher counted how many boys and how many girls approached the teacher for help.  TRUE/FALSE: What should be compared are frequencies and not percentages.

  False
• An X-Y plot can be used to show the relationship between two variables.

  True
• Two is the maximum number of variables that can be related in one statistical analysis.

  False
• The individual is the typical unit of observation in psychology.

  True
• The family cannot be studied as a unit of observation in psychology.

  False
• It is typical in psychology to hypothesize that two variables are related to each other.

  True
• It is typical in psychology to hypothesize that the dependent variable influences the independent variable.

  False
• There can be more than two means.

  False
• It is possible to compute the median for the variable “place of residence”.

  False
• The graph for Pheonix exhibits more variability compared to Honolulu.

  
• The formula in the picture is the formula for variance.

  
• The formula in the picture is the formula for standard deviation.