Poverty

• the 2011 census found that 1/3 Bangladeshis and Pakistanis live in deprived households
• Evandrou (2000) found that 60% of Pakistani and Bangladeshi elderly people experience pension poverty
• The Runnymede Report (2010) found ethnic minorities are 3 times more likely to experience pension poverty
• Flaherty (2004) cites 3 reasons for disproportionate poverty rates in ethnic minorities; educational disadvantage, poor housing, and difficulty accessing benefits
• Lea and Young (1993) say ethnic minorities are most likely to experience relative deprivation and marginalisation.
• Carl Nightengale (1993) says black males are excluded and pushed to the edge of society so must resort to crime to gain status