Solid-liquid mixtures

• Decanting- separates an insoluble solide from a liquid by pouring out the liquid from the container to leave behind the sediment.
• Filtration- is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid the barrier called a filter allows smaller particles to pass through while the large particles are blocked.
• Evaporation to dryness- used to obtain solid from a solution by heating the solution until the water has boiled off.
• Crystallisation- used in obtaining a pure solid sample from its solution.
• Crystallisation without a solvent

  • Some solids can be purified by melting them
  • The hot liquid is then cooled slowly
  • Pure crystals from a liquid freezes
• for most substance, solubility increases the temperature, so cooling a saturated solution will result to crystallisation.
• Simple distillation- used to separate a pure solvent ( liquid) from its solution. Distillation is the process of boiling a liquid and condensing a vapou.
• The water has to enter through the condenser from the bottom to ensure that the entire jacket is always filled to ensure a more efficient cooling system.