puberty, menstruation fertility and contraception

• Ovaries produce estrogen which is used in the menstrual cycle.
• LH stands for..

  Luteinising hormone
• FSH stands for..

  Follicle stimulating hormone
• Name the four hormones in the menstrual cycle (not abbreviations)

  Luteinising hormone

  Follicle stimulating hormone

  Oestrogen

  Progesterone
• The monthly release of an egg an d shedding of the uterus lining is called..


  The menstrual cycle
• What two hormones do ovaries produce?

  Oestrogen

  Progesterone
• The testes produce...

  Testosterone
• What does testosterone do?

  Sperm production
• How many stages are there in the menstrual cycle?

  4
• What happens in stage 1 of the menstrual cycle?

  Uterus lining starts to break down
• What happens in stage 2 of the menstrual cycle?

  Uterus lining builds up again
• What happens in stage 3 of the menstrual cycle?

  egg develops and is released (ovulation)
• What happens in stage 4 of the menstrual cycle?

  the wall is maintained and if no fertilised egg lands on the wall the lining starts to break down again
• How long does stage 1 last?

  4 days
• How long does stage 2 last?

  10 days
• What day is the egg released on in stage 3?


  14
• How long does stage 4 last?

  14 days
• Where is FSH produced?

  Pituitary gland
• Where is LH produced?

  Pituitary gland
• Where is Oestrogen produced?

  Ovaries
• Where is progesterone produced?

  Ovaries after ovulation in leftover follicule
• What does FSH do?

  Causes egg to mature in follicle

  Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen
• What does LH do?

  Stimulates the production of testosterone in males and triggers ovulation in females
• What does oestrogen do

  Makes the uterus lining grow and stimulates LH release which releases FSH
• What does progesterone do

  Maintains uterus lining in second half of cycle and inhibits release of LH and FSH
• What is sterilisation?

  cutting or tying fallopian tubes or sperm duct
• Is sterilisation permanent?

  Almost completely

  small chance of reconnecting tubes
• What is a natural method of avoiding pregnancy?

  tracking menstrual cycle and avoiding sex when most fertile
• What is abstinence?

  Not having sex
• What hormone can prevent eggs from being released?

  Oestrogen
• What does oestrogen inhibit?

  FSH production
• What does inhibit mean

  hinder or prevent
• If you take oestrogen every day it will be kept..

  permanently high
• What hormones does the contraceptive pill contain?

  oestrogen and progesterone
• how effective are the two contraceptive pills?

  99%
• do pills prevent STIs?

  no
• Give two negatives of the contraceptive pills

  side effects

  no STI prevention
• How many contraceptive pill types do you need to know about?

  2
• State the contraceptive pill that only has one hormone

  progesterone
• which contraceptive pill has less side affects? a) oestrogen + progesterone or b) progesterone only?

  b