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Paper 2
(5) Homeostasis
puberty, menstruation fertility and contraception
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Ovaries
produce
estrogen
which is used in the
menstrual
cycle.
LH stands for..
Luteinising hormone
FSH stands for..
Follicle stimulating hormone
Name the four hormones in the menstrual cycle (not abbreviations)
Luteinising hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Oestrogen
Progesterone
The monthly release of an
egg
an d shedding of the
uterus lining
is called..
The menstrual cycle
What two hormones do ovaries produce?
Oestrogen
Progesterone
The testes produce...
Testosterone
What does testosterone do?
Sperm production
How many stages are there in the menstrual cycle?
4
What happens in stage 1 of the menstrual cycle?
Uterus lining
starts to
break down
What happens in stage 2 of the menstrual cycle?
Uterus lining builds up again
What happens in stage 3 of the menstrual cycle?
egg
develops and is released (
ovulation
)
What happens in stage 4 of the menstrual cycle?
the
wall
is
maintained
and if no
fertilised egg
lands on the wall the
lining starts to break down again
How long does stage 1 last?
4
days
How long does stage 2 last?
10
days
What day is the
egg
released on in stage
3
?
14
How long does stage 4 last?
14
days
Where is FSH produced?
Pituitary gland
Where is LH produced?
Pituitary gland
Where is Oestrogen produced?
Ovaries
Where is progesterone produced?
Ovaries
after
ovulation
in leftover
follicule
What does FSH do?
Causes
egg
to
mature
in
follicle
Stimulates ovaries
to produce
oestrogen
What does LH do?
Stimulates
the production of
testosterone
in
males
and triggers
ovulation
in
females
What does oestrogen do
Makes the
uterus lining grow
and stimulates
LH
release which releases
FSH
What does progesterone do
Maintains
uterus lining
in second half of cycle and
inhibits
release of
LH
and
FSH
What is sterilisation?
cutting
or
tying fallopian tubes
or
sperm duct
Is sterilisation permanent?
Almost completely
small chance of reconnecting tubes
What is a natural method of avoiding pregnancy?
tracking
menstrual cycle
and avoiding
sex
when most
fertile
What is abstinence?
Not having sex
What hormone can prevent eggs from being released?
Oestrogen
What does oestrogen inhibit?
FSH
production
What does inhibit mean
hinder
or
prevent
If you take oestrogen every day it will be kept..
permanently high
What hormones does the contraceptive pill contain?
oestrogen
and progesterone
how effective are the two contraceptive pills?
99%
do pills prevent STIs?
no
Give two negatives of the contraceptive pills
side effects
no STI prevention
How many contraceptive pill types do you need to know about?
2
State the contraceptive pill that only has one hormone
progesterone
which contraceptive pill has less side affects? a) oestrogen + progesterone or b) progesterone only?
b
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