Korean Lesson 1 (on How to study korean)

• Goodbye = 안녕히 가세요
• Thank you = 감사합니다
• Excuse me = 죄송하지만
• 한국 = Korea
• 도시 = city
• 이름 = name
• 저 = I, me (formal)
• 나 = I, me (informal)
• 남자 = man
• 여자 = woman
• 이 = this
• 그 = that
• 저 = that (when something is far away)
• 것 = thing
• 이것 = this thing
• 그것 = that thing
• 저것 = that thing
• 의자 = chair
• 탁자 = table
• 선생님 = teacher
• 침대 = bed
• Korean has a subject-object-verb (SOV) structure, while English has a subject-verb-object (SVO) structure.
• In Korean, the word for “this” is 이 (this) and it is placed before the noun it is describing.
• Below we can see other examples of how 이다 can be used: 나는 여자이다 = I am a woman ( 나는 여자야 / 저는 여자예요 ), 나는 선생님이다 = I am a teacher ( 나는 선생님이야 / 저는 선생님이에요 ), 나는 사람이다 = I am a person ( 나는 사람이야 / 저는 사람이에요 ), 나는 ______ 이다 = I am a _______ ( 나는 _______ 이야 / 저는 _____ 이에요 ).
• There are two words for “that” in Korean: 그 (from a previous sentence or from previous context, regardless of if you could see it or not) and 저 (when we are talking about something that we can see, but cannot touch because it is too far away).
• When placing “ 그 ” or “ 저 ” before a noun to describe “this” or “that” thing, there should not be a space between the two.
• The object refers to whatever the verb is acting on.
• Sometimes there is no object because it has simply been omitted from the sentence.
• Every Korean sentence and clause must end in one of the following: a verb, an adjective, or 이다.
• There is no object in a sentence with an adjective.
• There are two ways to say “I” or “me” in Korean: 나 , used in informal situations, and 저 , used in formal situations.
• There are many ways to conjugate a word.
• In English, the object always comes after the verb.
• The subject particle 는 is used when the last letter of the last syllable of the subject is a vowel, while the object particle 은 is used when the last letter of the last syllable of the subject is a consonant.
• Subjects are also present in sentences with adjectives.
• The 이다 can be conjugated, similar to verbs and adjectives, but the rules for 이다 are often different.
• In English, the subject always comes before the verb.
• The most common particles in Korean are 는 and 은, which are placed after a word to indicate that it is the subject or object of a sentence.
• Until then, you will see both 나 and 저 arbitrarily used.
• In Korean, the 이다 is used to represent all of those “to be” words.