Cell Division

• What are chromosomes?

  Structures carrying DNA

  Chromosomes contain numerous genes that code for specific traits.

  Chromosomes manage the vast amount of genetic material within the cell nucleus.

  Chromosomes are essential for passing genetic traits from parent to offspring.
• Where are chromosomes located in the cell?

  Chromosomes are found within the nucleus of a cell.
• What is DNA?

  
  

  • DNA is the genetic material that contains instructions for building and operating the cell
  • It is the component of chromosomes that contains genetic information
  • DNA provides the genetic blueprint for cell function
  • The DNA helix contains the genetic code
• What are genes?

  Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits.
• What are the two primary components of chromosomes?

  DNA and proteins
• What is the primary function of chromosomes in the cell?

  Organize and contain DNA
• What is the function of chromosomes?

  Chromosomes ensure accurate genetic transfer during cell division.

• What is the role of the DNA helix in a chromosome?

  Contains genetic code
• What are the sex chromosomes in males?

  One X and one Y
• What are the sex chromosomes in females?

  Two X
• What are sex chromosomes responsible for?

  Sex chromosomes determine an individual's sex.
• During mitosis, the parent cell produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
• The daughter cells produced by mitosis is genetically identical to the parent cell.
• The cell cycle consists of four main phases, they are:

  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
• The cell cycle is crucial for maintaining cell populations.

• During the metaphase, chromosomes align in the middle of the nucleus.
• The nuclear membrane forms during the telophase.
• Cytokinesis results in two genetically identical daughter cells. It ensures that each daughter cell receives a full set of genetic material.
• What does each daughter cell inherit after cytokinesis?

  Nucleus, organelles and cytoplasm
• During the anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell that is they are separated.
• During mitosis, the cell's DNA is replicated
• The chromosomes condense and become visible during the prophase of mitosis.
• • Mitosis is essential for tissue repair and growth as well as asexual reproduction.
• Growth during mitosis involves cell multiplication and DNA replication.
• Mitosis is asexual type cell division
• Aspects of Cell Division

  Number of daughter cells

  • Mitosis: 2
  • Meiosis: 4

  Genetic Identity

  • Mitosis: Identical
  • Meiosis: Different

  Cell Type

  • Mitosis: Somatic
  • Meiosis: Germ

  Purpose

  • Mitosis: Growth
  • Meiosis: Reproduction
• • The last stage of cytokinesis in cell division is cytoplasm division.
• Mitosis is the final stage of the cell cycle.
• The phases of mitosis with their key events with cytokinesis:

  Prophase : Chromosomes condense

  Metaphase : Chromosomes align

  Anaphase : Sister chromatids separate

  Telophase : Nuclear membrane reforms

  Cytokinesis : Two daughter cells separate
• Mitosis creates new organisms in asexual reproduction.
• Events of telophase in mitosis.

  Chromosomes decondense

  Nuclear membrane reforms

  Spindle fibers disappear
• Asexual reproduction in mitosis can occur through budding or fission
• Reproduction is the primary purpose of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms.
• Functions of mitosis with their key processes:

  Growth : Cell multiplication, DNA replication

  Repair : Cell division, tissue regeneration

  Asexual reproduction : Budding, fission
• Cancer often arises due to mutations that disrupt cell cycle regulation.