finals

• Syntax is the process of putting all words together in a sequence of pattern.
• Syntax is the study of the principles, process, and word order that rule sentences in a particular language.
• A phrase is a series of words that are put together in order.
• Phrases are necessary ingredients that add flavor to the language.
• Each phrase carries a meaning; strings of phrases arranged systematically make meaningful sentences.
• There are seven types of phrases: noun phrase, verb phrase, adjective phrase, adverb phrase, prepositional phrase, conjunctive phrase.
• Predicative adjective follows a linking verb and defines the preceding subject: the girl is proud of her achievement.
• Adverb phrase of frequency how often: i watch korean drama twice a week.
• Adverb phrase of time when something happened: i waited yesterday morning.
• Adverb phrase of reason why something happened: i did it for his sake.
• Adverb phrase consists of adverbs and all functioning as one unit in describing a verb, adjective, adverb: i danced quite surprisingly well, i waited for you in total silence.
• Adverb phrase of manner describes how something happened: i danced quite surprisingly well, i waited for you in total silence.
• Adverbials are words or phrases presented in a form of a phrase or clause that explain the meaning of the verb in a sentence: the players arrived here, please go easy on the eyes, the man with the mustache is a bit scary, as many as, no sooner—than, rather—than, as well as.
• Adverb phrase of place where something happened: i waited just right there, i met you under the shade.
• Gerund phrase starts with gerund, for example, 'baking cake is my hobby'.
• Infinitive phrase contains infinitive at the beginning of the phrase, a combination of to and base form of verb, for example, 'to lie is a mistake'.
• Participial phrase starts with present or past participle, verbs but function as noun modifier and placed immediately after noun, for example, 'knowing what I learned, you should not have asked'.
• Noun phrase can function as subject, direct object, object of a preposition, or indirect object.
• Interjectional phrase, noun phrase, consists of a single modifier and noun, or a series of modifiers and noun.
• Appositive phrase restates, defines, or renames a noun, for example, 'Hugh Jackman, a good actor, portrays the character Wolverine in X-Men'.
• Verb phrase starts with verb and all cluster of words that follow, it is a complete verb phrase that functions as a predicate of the subject, for example, 'he sits alone'.
• Adjective phrase consists of adjective as the head of the phrase and all that modifies a noun or pronoun, for example, 'the highly suspicious man is convicted for the crime'.
• Noun is one of the lexical units that is always present in every utterance.
• Attributive adjective precedes the noun of a noun phrase, for example, 'the girl, proud of her achievement'.
• Phrase structure rules: Tree Diagramming Rule 5 states that pred = aux + vp (advl-n), where aux is auxiliary verb, vp is verbial phrase, and adverbial is adverbial phrase.
• Interjections are used to express feelings, reactions, exclamations, greetings.
• Phrase structure rules: Tree Diagramming Rule 6 states that aux = t = mc, where aux is auxiliary verb, t is terminal, and mc is main clause.
• Parallelism in grammar is when there are 2 or more phrases or clauses in a sentence that have the same grammatical structure.
• The purpose of parallelism in writing is to make it effective, classy, and certain to impress anyone who reads your work.
• Phrase structure rules: Tree Diagramming Rule 2 states that np = (det3) (ap2) n (prepp) = pro, where np is noun phrase, det is determiner, ap is adjective phrase, n is noun, and prepp is prepositional phrase.
• Phrase structure rules: Tree Diagramming Rule 1 states that s = sm = subj + pred, where s is sentence, sm is sentence modifier, subj is subject, and pred is predicate.
• Reduced adjective clauses, also known as relative clauses, are a group of words that modify or describe a noun.
• Phrase structure rules: Tree Diagramming Rule 3 states that ap = (adv-n) adj (prepp), where adv is adverb, adj is adjective, and prepp is prepositional phrase.
• Reducing sentences involves having the same subject in the main clause and adjective clause.
• Phrase structure rules: Tree Diagramming Rule 4 states that prepp = (prep) (np), where prep is preposition, and np is noun phrase.