Geography natural hazards

• Natural disaster is an unexpected or uncontrolled natural event that threatens people
• Tectonic

  • tsunami
  • earthquakes
  • volcano
  • avalanches(triggered by earthquakes)
• Climatic

  • tornadoes
  • tropical storms (hurricane)
  • wild fire
  • drought
  • heat waves
  • thunder and lightening
  • storm surge
• Factors which affect hazards

  • size and magnitude
  • vulnerability-population density ,quality of buildings
  • capacity to cope-preparation
• Evidence that tectonic plates move

  • fossil records and patterns
  • shapes of continents look like they fit together
  • rock patterns
• Types of plate magins(boundaries)

  • constructive
  • deconstructive(ocean denser that continental)
  • 2 tectonic plates slide against each other
  • collision (form mountains)
• Primary effects are the immediate impacts caused by the hazard it’s self
• Secondary effects are the indirect impacts of an event usually occurring in the hours, weeks, months or years after the event
• Immediate responses are those which take place in the days and weeks after the event
• Long term responses are those which go in for months and years after the disaster
• Nepal would have a significant effect after the 2015 earthquake which was 7.8 magnitude.Nepal would have a significant effect because it it a LIC with a high population therefore the houses are tightly packed and are a poor quality therefore more houses will be destroyed and more families will be homeless.Also because it’s a LIC it will be very difficult to rebuild the buildings leaving the pubic strande
• New Zealand was less at risk of it’s 7.8 magnitude earthquake in 2016 because it is a HIC therefore meaning the housing is a much better quality and they are quite sparsely populated and they have a much better emergency services therefore meaning only 50 people were injured and only 2 people passed
• New Zealand -responses to earthquake

  immediate

  • tsunami warning was issued and coastal residence evacuated to higher ground
  • hundred’s of people were housed in emergency shelters and community centres
  • power was restored in most places within a few hours
  • temporary water supplies were set up
• New Zealand responses to earthquake -long term

  • road +railway were repaired and opened within 2 years
  • new water pipes were laid which disinherited to live with earthquakes and not break
  • $5.3 million of funding was provided by government to help rebuild the water pipes
• Nepal responses to earthquake-immendiate

  • rescue teams were sent in to help people trapped in rubble but they didnt have the right tools to help
  • the Red Cross set up emergency shelters for 130000 families made homeless
  • charities such as oxfam provided medicine food and clean water
• Nepal response to earthquake-long term

  • a major road form Nepal to tibet reopened 2 years after earthquake
  • many families still did not have accesses to water 2 years after the earthquake
  • the wild bank gave $500 million to rebuild homes, some of these projects are still happening
• People live in tectonic areas because

  • fertile soil
  • family and life style
  • geothermal energy
  • rarity
  • minerals
  • religious worship
  • poverty
• Reducing the risk of tectonic hazards

  • monitoring-using scientific equipment to detect warning signs of events such as a volcanic eruption
  • prediction-using historical evidence and monitoring, scientists can make predictions about when and where a tectonic hazard may happen
• Reducing the risk of tectonic hazards

  • protection-designed buildings that will withstand tectonic hazards
  • planning-identifying and avoiding places most at risk
• Planning

  • good evacuation routes
  • good emergency services
  • educated citizens
  • nit building in high risk areas