Peloponnesian war

• This alliance consisted of traditionally-minded Peloponnesian states that preferred the dominance of Sparta over Athens.
• Herodotus was born around 484 and died around 430-420.
• Herodotus recorded lists of events and recorded no explanations, no causes/ effects.
• Herodotus forced to accept the will of the gods.
• Herodotus recorded any accounts, being Greek and non-Greek perspectives.
• Herodotus was born in Halicarnassus, under Persians, and is Ionian Greek.
• Herodotus may have favoured the Greeks rather than non-Greeks due to the revolts.
• Herodotus' histories are a collection of oral history unchecked- orated facts are not accurate as they may be changed.
• Tissaphernes' delaying tactics caused Spartans to turn support to Pharnazabus in the Hellespont.
• In 410BC, Spartans were restored to the war of attrition.
• Alcibiades, Thrasybulus and Thermanes, three Athenian commanders, forced Mindarus into battle at Cyzicus.
• Spartans, under the control of Mindarus, fought in a sea battle against Athens in Cynossema, resulting in a victory for Athens and restored self-belief in maritime superiority.
• Spartan losses amounted to 60 ships and 10'000 dead, including Mindarus.
• Spartans were outmanoeuvred by the Athenian fleet in the battle at Cyzicus.
• Eretria resulted in Sparta not immediately returning to democracy, as a larger democracy was used that included those who could provide hoplite's arms.
• Herodotus lived within a generation of the events that he described and would have spoken to eye witnesses of the battles.
• Herodotus doesn't force his opinion on the reader and offers different interpretations.
• Herodotus lived in Athens for most of his life and favours Athenians over Persians.
• Herodotus' histories are unchecked orated facts and may be changed.
• Herodotus has no other contemporary and has to rely on Herodotus.
• Oligarchy is a form of rule in Sparta where a small group of people have control of a country or organisation.
• Tyranny is a form of rule where one person is in power and the government is oppressive.
• Democracy is a form of rule where the rule is voted by public vote and represents the government.
• Monarchy is a form of rule where the rule is in control by Royalty- king and/ or queen.
• Tiremene sailed out.
• The Assembly became hesitant about the hurried decision to kill and enslave the citizens.
• Cleon, a leading Demagogue and politician that arouses people's anger and prejudices, was mentioned in the Mytilean debate, his success at Sphacteria in 425, and his death against Brasidas in 422.
• Salaenthus was immediately executed.
• Cleon stated that Athens should not be seen as a Democracy, but as tyrannical, and advised against being won over by fancy language.
• Mytilene was granted the right to send a delegation to Athens to plead for compassion.
• Women and children were sentenced to death.
• Sparta sent Salaethus to the island and promised ships and supplies, but these did not arrive.
• Sparta provided hoplite equipment to the lower class, but the Assembly refused the order.
• The Thoudippos Decree in 425-424 delegated the responsibility for accessing the size of Allies' tribute onto particular courts and officials in Athens, and further required an increase in the Tribute levied.
• Satrap is a term for an area of land governed by a Governor.
• In the Mytilean debate, Cleon proposed killing men and enslaving women and children, while Diodorus suggested not killing or enslaving them.
• Diodorus stated that haste is ignorance and that setting a precedent after cities being able to negotiate is important.
• All male citizens of Mytilene were sentenced to death.
• In 428 BC, Mytilene, a key ally and provider of ships, revolted and sent envoys to Sparta for help.
• The generals were given the right to use the money for any purpose they needed, and could also ask for more.