Pedia (Acute conditions of the neonates)

• Respiratory Distress Syndrome - is a serious lung disorder characterized by insufficient surfactant that causes the alveoli to collapse on expiration that greatly increases the work of breathing.
• The important surfactants that must be present at birth:

  Lecithin / Sphiagomiyelin 2:1

  Phosphatidylcholine

  Phosphatidylglycerol
• SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME - Is the sudden death of a previously infant. It is the most common cause of death between ages 1 month to 1 year.
• ABG Analysis - This test helps to evaluate gas exchange in the lungs by measuring the gas pressures and pH of an arterial sample
• Pre-test: choose site carefully, perform the Allen's test, secure equipments- syringe, needle, container with ice

• Intra-test: Obtain a 5 mL specimen from the artery (brachial, femoral and radial)
• Post-test: Apply firm pressure for 5 minutes, label specimen correctly, place in the container with ice
• SURVANTA - drug that is close to the natural surfactant. Exogenous preparation of surfactant either synthetic or extracted from animal lungs, is given through the breathing tube. Derived from cow lungs, which can decrease the risk of death in hospitalize very-low-birthweight infants by 30%.
• Pa02 - 80 to 100 mmHg
• PaC02 - 35 to 45 mmHg
• pH - 7.35 to 7.45
• НСО3 - 22 to 26 mEq/L
• 02 Sat - 95% to 99%
• Alveoli - end point of resperatory system. exchange oxygen and acrbon dioxide in the bloddstream
• Premature Infants - those at highest risk for RDS
• Propylactic treatment - administered in the delivery room (RDS)
• Rescue treatment - given after definitive diagnosis of RDS
• Surfactant - lines alveoli on top of water layer, lowering the surface tension and allowing the alveoli to expand
• insufficient surfactant - collapse alveoli, inadequate oxygen exchange
• sufficient surfactant - expanded alveolus, adequate oxygen exchange
• Intravenous fluid - are administered to stablized blood sugar, salts, bp