Carbohydrate

• Carbohydrates and lipids are two types of macronutrients.
• Glucose is a monosaccharide and is found in sport drinks.
• Fructose is a monosaccharide and is found in fruit and honey.
• Galactose is a monosaccharide and is found in milk.
• Beta glucose and alpha glucose are isomers with the same chemical formula but different arrangements of atoms in the hydroxyl group.
• Disaccharides include sucrose, which is formed by the co-points on the left, and lactose, which is formed by the co-points on the right.
• Glucose and fructose are examples of monosaccharides.
• Glucose is involved in glucose metabolism and regulation.
• Glycosidic bonds are formed by the tilt of the beta 1,4 glycosidic bond.
• The founder of carbohydrate chemistry was Neuberg in 1903.
• Galactose and glucose form a beta 1,4 glycosidic bond.
• The structure and function of carbohydrates are determined by their chemical formula and the arrangement of atoms in the hydroxyl group.
• Glucose is a reducing sugar, meaning its anomeric carbon is not attached to any other structure and can be a reducing agent.
• Maltose and lactose are examples of disaccharides.
• All monosaccharides, including glucose, end with a reducing end.
• Glycosaminoglycans are involved in cell signaling and mediate cell adhesion.
• Glucose forms a 1.4 linkage, which allows it to adopt a helical conformation.
• Oligosaccharides are found in extracellular glycoproteins and are located on the membrane of glycoprotein.
• Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are negatively charged and bind a large amount of hetero polysaccharide.
• Crystalline arrangement withstands β glucose 1,4 linkage hydrostatic pressure monomers N acetyl β D glucosamine α D glucosamine.
• Lipids provide energy and serve as an energy source.
• Phospholipids have a polar head and a non polar tail.
• Glycolipids are sugar containing lipids, with Galactosyl ceramide being the major glycosphingolipid of brain and Ganglioside being abundant in nervous tissue.
• Steroids are lipid molecules composed of four carbon rings, including testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, and cholesterol.
• Triglycerides are esterified with fatty acids and alcohols.
• Narrowing of the arteries due to the deposition of cholesterol to plaque can cause blockage.
• Glycosaminoglycans are a viscous support and form the fibrous component of tissue.
• Lipids function as structural components in phosphoglyceride and sphingolipids.
• Emulsifiers are fatty acids with an acid group and are generally water insoluble.
• Lipids are also found in steroids, which are intercellular messengers and hormones.
• Glucose forms 1.6 linkage branches, which are weaker due to the id bond at the branch.
• Glucose is a component of cellulose, which has a backbone made of 1.4 linkages and branches formed by 1.6 linkages.
• Cellulose's branching allows it to be right-rigid and a part of the plant cell wall.