Cells and Microbes

• Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• Movement is the process of moving.
• Reproduction is the process of producing the same kind of organism.
• Sensitivity is the ability to detect and respond to changes.
• External Osmosis is the control of the internal environment.
• Growth is the process of growing and getting larger.
• Excretion is the removal of waste products of metabolism plus a substance in excess of requirement.
• Nutrition is the process of taking in material for energy, growth, and development.
• Active transport is when a substance moves against the concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
• The objective lens is the closest lens to the eye, used for magnifying the image of the large object.
• cell membrane controls what comes in and out of the cell.
• Magnification is the image size divided by the actual size.
• Chloroplast - photosynthesis.
• In human, an example of active transport is the active absorption of glucose from your gut into your blood, often done against a large concentration gradient.
• Magnification = image size / actual size
• Sugar solution and mass of the potato are related as the sugar concentration increases up to -0.5 mol/dm, the percentage gain in mass decreases.
• As the sugar concentration increases above -0.5 mol/dm, the percentage loss of mass increases.
• Active transport is important as sugar concentration below -0.5 mol/dm, water moves into the potato by Root hair cells through osmosis from a higher concentration of water (dilute) in the solution to a lower concentration of water (concentrated) in the plant tissue.
• Mitochondria are responsible for energy release for food
• Plants often live in soil where mineral ions are usually found in dilute solutions, more dilute than the concentration of water (concentrated) inside the plant tissue.
• By using active transport, the plant can still absorb the mineral ions against the concentration above -0.5 mol/dm, where water moves out of the potato by osmosis from a higher gradient concentration of water (dilute) inside the plant tissue to a lower concentration of water (concentrated) in the solution.
• Ribosome is involved in protein synthesis in plant cells.
• Cell wall provides strength and support to the cell.
• nucleus holds DNAs
• vacuole store water and nutrients
• chloroplast - photosynthesis
• osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration (dilute) to an area of low water concentration (concentrated) through a partially permeable membrane
• Microscope 

  Coarse focus - used for making large adjustments in focusing

  Fine focus  - used for making small adjustments in focusing

  Eyepiece - the closest lens to the eye, magnifies the image of the object

  Objectives - lens nearest to the object, magnifies the image of the object

  Stage - place where an object is placed for viewing 

  A) coarse focus

  B) fine focus

  C) objective

  D) eyepiece

  E) stage

  F) light

  G) diaphragm

  
• excretion - removal of waste products of metabolism and substance in excess of requirement
• nutrition - taking in material for energy, growth and development
• what happened if the water concentrate increase

  it dulite