Electric Structure Reviewer

• Electromagnetic Spectrum

  *It is composed of photons, which are massless particles containing info about light.
• Waves:

  waves are defined by their wavelength and frequency.
• Wavelength:

  Describes the length of the wave. Measured by measuring the trough-trough distance of each wave. We use meters(m) to measure.
• Frequency:

  Describes how often the wave is repeated. We use hertz(HZ) to measure.
• Bohr's Model of the Atom:

  
  

  *He discovered that each element emits a different type of color.

  
  

  *He found out that the different wavelengths are caused by the arrangement of electrons on its atoms.

  
  

  *Electrons are in distinct energy states called "Orbits"

  
  

  *Electrons move orbits when exposed to heat/light.

  
  

  *The photons emitted correspond to the bright-line spectrum that each element makes.
• Quantum Mechanical Model:

  *Bohr's Model (Planetary Model) allowed the identification of elements based on their different types of light.

  3 major scientists made the Quantum Mechanical Model:

  -Louis De Broglie

  -Werner Heisenberg

  -Erwin Schrodinger
• Louis De Broglie: Interference Patterns

  *Proposed that the electron has wave-like properties.

  *similarity between the patterns produced by electrons following energy levels and light.
• Werner Heisenberg: Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

  
  

  *Theorized that it is impossible to find out the position and movement of an electron at the same time.

  
  

  Ex. If the position of the electron is found then the movement won't be found and vice versa.
• Erwin Schrodinger: Schrodinger's Equations

  *Discovered the mathematical probability of finding an electron in a certain position.

  Experimented on Schrodinger's cat.
• Electronic Cloud

  *An area to find electrons.

  *Electrons reside in spaces called orbitals.

  *electrons are in a probable area

  *Each orbital corresponds to a specific part of the electron cloud.
• Electromagnetic Configuration:

  *made up of 4 orbitals (s,p,d,f)

  *Shell

  -Set of orbitals with the same n value.

  (ex. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7)

  *Subshell

  -Set of orbitals with the same n & I values

  (s,p,d,f)

  Aufbau Principle

  *Lowest to highest energy orbitals.