Atoms & Elements

• Neutrons have no charge and are also located in the nucleus of an atom.
• Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.
• Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge.
• The number of protons determines the type of element.
• Atoms can gain or lose electrons to form ions with different charges.
• Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom at different distances from it, forming shells or energy levels.
• Atoms can be represented by symbols that show their atomic numbers (number of protons) and mass numbers (total number of protons and neutrons).
• Isotopes are different forms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
• Ions can be either negatively charged (anion) or positively charged (cation).
• A neutral atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons.
• An electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom's shells.
• Isotopes are atoms of the same element but with different masses due to variations in the number of neutrons.
• relative atomic mass (Ar) = (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / sum of abundances (relative atomic masses) of all the isotopes of all the elements.