Sport and Society

Cards (21)

  • Berlin 1936 Olympics: Third Reich ideology
    1. first televised olympic games
    2. nazi propaganda around the stadium
    3. Hitler refused to shake Jesse Owens' hand
    4. anti-semitism and discrimination against black people
  • Mexico City 1968 Olympics: Black Power demonstration
    1. Tommie Smith and John Carlos put black gloves on wearing no shoes only black socks and did the black power salute
    2. 2nd place Australian wore a badge of equality = hate
    3. 2300m above sea level
  • Munich 1972 Olympics: Palestinian terrorism
    1. Munich massacre - 5th September 1972
    2. Black September took Israeli athletes and coaches hostage
    3. 11 men were killed over 2 days
  • Moscow 1980 Olympics: boycott
    1. a total of 60 countries boycotted these Olympics
    2. why?: USSR had invaded Afghanistan in 1979
  • LA 1984 Olympics: revenge boycott
    1. 14 Eastern bloc countries boycotted these olympics as revenge
    2. LA was one of the only cities to bid for hosting
  • Baron Pierre de Coubertin: set up the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in Paris in 1894.
  • Influences for the modern Olympic Games
    1. Cotswold Olympicks
    2. Much Wenlock Games
    3. public schools such as Rugby School
    4. Ancient Greek Olympics
  • Aims of the Olympics:
    1. reduce discrimination and develop equality
    2. develop international unity spreading friendship & goodwill
    3. educate young people through sport
    4. develop respect via sportsmanship and fair play
    5. create a more harmonious world
    6. promote development of physical and moral qualities
  • Positive impacts of the media on sport
    • increases participation
    • improved rules / exciting to watch
    • globalisation allows viewing worldwide
    • media increases commercialisation
    • professionalism increases players salaries
    • creation of role models
    • increased profile of minority sports
  • Negative impacts of the media on sport:
    • more people watch than participate (armchair athletes)
    • loss of privacy for performers
    • deviant behaviour due to high stakes
    • media can highlight external issues - reflects badly on sport
    • negative role modelling from deviant behaviour
    • increased officiating technology slows down the sport
    • androcentric bias
  • 21st Century laws on sport
    • banning orders
    • alcohol bans
    • duty of care (refer to Hillsborough disaster)
    • legal action - foul play leads to prosecution
    • drug laws (illegality)
  • sporting impacts (+) of hosting
    • raises a sport's profile
    • increased role models -> increases participation
    • new or upgraded facilities
    • increased profile of minority sports
    • increased funding
    • sport organisation can improve
  • sporting impacts (-) of hosting
    • participation spike gradually decreases
    • lack of usage of sporting facilities afterwards
    • minority sports receive less funding
    • increased media highlights deviance and reduces reputation
  • social impacts (+) of hosting
    • improved infrastructure from finances
    • increased pride & nation building
    • increased facilities use improves health
    • improved transport links e.g. Javelin line
    • accommodation and facilities are used afterwards
  • social impacts (-) of hosting
    • only the host city is benefitted
    • locals are disrupted by rehousing
    • increased travel disruption
    • threat of terrorism and crime
    • negative environmental impacts e.g. pollution
  • economic impacts (+) of hosting
    • increased trade links
    • creation of jobs reduces unemployment and increases income tax
    • increased tourism benefits the economy
    • regeneration of the local area increases house prices
  • economic impacts (-) of hosting
    • significant bidding cost increases taxes
    • hosting cost can cause debt
    • employment increase is only temporary
    • failure or deviant behaviour reduces sponsorship
    • increased house prices
  • political impacts (+) of hosting
    • sporting success can lead to political success
    • national pride and unity appeases the population
    • shop window effect
    • government could be more popular by increasing employment
    • trade or investment can increase
  • political impacts (-) of hosting
    • overbudget is unpopular
    • sporting failure leads to political failure
    • political protests undermine the effect
    • lack of sustainable legacy
    • increased security risk means they need more funding
    • the government interest is shared (other problems ignored)
  • shop window effect: a political effect of hosting global events which showcases positive aspects of a country
  • nation building: a sense of pride which is a positive social impact of hosting global events