ch1 radbio

• Normal chest anatomy and abnormalities can be recognized on X-ray films.
• Evaluating the chest radiographs for technical adequacy involves considering the five factors of penetration, inspiration, rotation, magnification, and angulation.
• Plain chest radiographs can be normal in up to 75% of patients with asthma.
• Osteophyte-induced adjacent pulmonary atelectasis and fibrosis are types of atelectases.
• Direct signs of atelectasis include displacement of interlobar fissures, crowding together of pulmonary vessels, and crowded air bronchograms.
• Atelectasis can be diagnosed through plain radiograph or CT.
• Compressive atelectasis occurs as a result of any thoracic space-occupying lesion compressing the lung and forcing air out of the alveoli.
• Gravity dependant atelectasis, also known as dependent atelectasis, occurs in the most dependent portions of the lungs due to the weight of the lungs.
• Adhesive atelectasis occurs from surfactant deficiency, which may either be diffuse throughout the lungs or localized.
• Atelectasis is a minimal degree of collapse as seen in patients who are not taking deep breaths, such as postoperative patients or patients with rib fracture or pleuritic chest pain, and is very common.
• Cicatrisation atelectasis occurs as a result of scarring or fibrosis that reduces lung expansion, with common etiologies including granulomatous disease, necrotizing pneumonia, and radiation fibrosis.
• Indirect signs of atelectasis include pulmonary opacification, shifting granuloma, compensatory hyperexpansion of the surrounding or contralateral lung, displacement of the heart, mediastinum, trachea, hilum, elevation of the diaphragm, and propinquity of the ribs.
• Pulmonary edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular compartments of the lung.
• Pulmonary edema, usually due to asthma, is a rare complication of asthma.
• Good hygiene practices can help prevent pneumonia and other respiratory infections.
• Bronchial wall thickening, including peribronchial cuffing, is a non-specific finding that may be present in approximately 48% of cases with asthma.
• Pulmonary hyperinflation is a reported feature of asthma.
• Lung atelectasis is the complete collapse of one lung.
• subsegmental) atelectasis ○ occurs due to the obstruction of small peripheral bronchi by secretions or other material, usually in the context of chronic bronchitis or emphysema, and can be seen in plain radiographs as crowded air bronchograms.
• A posteroanterior x-ray of the chest shows left upper lobe infiltrate consistent with pneumonia.
• Passive atelectasis occurs when contact between the parietal and visceral pleura is disrupted.
• Linear (a.k.a subsegmental) atelectasis occurs due to the obstruction of small peripheral bronchi by secretions or other material, usually in the context of chronic bronchitis or emphysema, and can be seen in plain radiographs as crowded air bronchograms.
• Lobar atelectasis is the collapse of one or more lobes of a lung.
• Resorptive atelectasis occurs as a result of complete obstruction of an airway.
• Subsegmental atelectasis is a type of segmental atelectasis.
• Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can cause mild to severe illness in people of all ages, and vaccines can prevent some types of pneumonia.
• Bronchitis is usually diagnosed by the radiologist based on the observation of increased irregular parenchymatous markings and emphysematous changes, which is essentially an impression founded on experience closely correlated with many long-term histories.
• Round atelectasis is classically associated with asbestos exposure.
• Segmental atelectasis is the collapse of one or more individual pulmonary segments.
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a spectrum of obstructive airway diseases, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.