PE

• Feedback

  • Intrinsic - The physical feel of the movement as it is being performed.
  • Extrinsic - Provided by external sources, during or after a performance.
• Information Processing

  • Input - The information that is received from the sense.
  • Decision making - Takes place by comparing the current situation.
  • Output - The action that responds to the situation.
  • Feedback - Indicates whether or not the response was correct and successful.
• Stages of learning

  • Cognitive
  • Associative
  • Autonomous
• What makes a skilled performer

  • Few errors
  • Quick decision making
  • Experience by repetition
  • Aware of surroundings
  • Calm and composed
  • Fluid movements
• Types of skill

  • Basic - Form the foundation of complex skill, do not include complicated movements.
  • Complex - More difficult, they include complicated movements.
• Guidance

  • Visual - When a performer can see the skill being performed or practised.
  • Verbal - Given by an observer after watching your performance
  • Manual - When a performer is physically guided or supported by the coach.
  • Mechanical - When the performer is guided by equipment to support the learner while practising the skill.
• Why do people take part in sports

  • Mental health
  • Physical Fitness
  • Social
  • Fun
  • Parents/siblings play
  • Make new friends
  • Seen it on TV
  • Relieve anger/stress
  • Improve confidence
  • Sense of accomplishment
  • Good at it
• Factors impacting individuals taking part:

  • Age
  • Gender
  • Ethnicity
  • Disability
  • Religion
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Interest, ability, skill
  • Friends and family
  • Health
  • Fitness
  • Access
  • Role models
  • Time
• What is fair play?

  Behaving within a way that honours the traditional values of the sport.
• What is gamesmanship?

  Players bend the rules and use questionable methods to gain an advantage.
• What is sportsmanship?

  Playing within the laws of the game.
• What is deviance?

  This occurs when a player, manager or spectator behaves in a way that knowingly breaks the rules or ethics of the sports.
• What is the role of the skeletal system?

  • Movement
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Production of blood cells
  • Mineral storage
  • Attachment of muscles
• Types of joints:

  • Ball + Socket
  • Hinge
  • Pivot
• What is a voluntary muscle?

  A voluntary muscle is connected to the skeleton and enables movement.
• What is an involuntary muscle?

  An involuntary muscle is essential in maintaining body systems. It helps us move substances around the body, allowing us to keep cells supplied with oxygen and nutrients.
• What are Cardiac muscles?

  Muscle that makes up the heart. It is vital because it makes the heart pump.
• How many bones are in the body?

  206
• Synovial joints - (freely movable joints) allow us the free movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity.
• The role of joints and connective tissue

  • Connective tissues consist of ligaments, cartilage and tendons.
  • A joint is held together by ligaments which give the joints their stability.
  • Cartilage is found at the ends of bones and where joints meet.
  • Tendons attach muscles to the skeleton.
• Ligaments are a type of connective tissue and are tough, fibrous and slightly elastic. They connect bone to bone and help keep the joint together.
• Flexion – bending a joint. This occurs when the angle of a joint decreases. For example, the elbow flexes when performing a biceps curl.
• Extension – straightening a joint. This occurs when the angle of a joint increases, for example, at the elbow when putting a shot.
• Abduction – movement away from the midline of the body. This occurs at the hip and shoulder joints during a jumping jack movement.
• Adduction – movement towards the midline of the body. This occurs at the hip and shoulder, returning the arms and legs back to their original position from a jumping jack movement.
• Circumduction – this is where the limb moves in a circle. This occurs at the shoulder joint during an overarm tennis serve.
• Rotation – this is where the limb moves in a circular movement around a fixed joint towards or away from the midline of the body. This occurs in the hip in golf while performing a drive shot.
• Ligaments:

  • attach bone to bone
  • act to give stability to joints
  • are tough, white and inelastic
• Tendons:

  • attach muscle to bone
  • carry the force from muscle contraction to the bone
  • are tough, greyish and inelastic
• The ventricles pump the blood out of the heart to the lungs or around the body.
• The septum separates the right-hand and left-hand side of the heart.
• A blood pressure reading consists of two values:

  • systolic value – blood pressure while the heart is squeezing
  • diastolic value – blood pressure while the heart is relaxing
• Heart rate (HR) is the number of times the heart beats in one minute.
• Stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped out of the heart with every beat.
• During exercise, tidal volume increases as the rate of breathing both become greater. 
• How do you work out maximum heart rate?

  MAX HR = 220 - age
• Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as possible. 
• Breathing rate (frequency, BR) is the number of breaths in a minute.
• What is tidal volume?

  Tidal volume is the amount of air breathed in with each normal breath. 
• What is oxygen debt?

  It is the lack of oxygen and the build-up of lactic acid that causes fatigue.