Paper Chromatography

• What analytical technique is used to separate substances in a mixture?

  Chromatography
• What is the purpose of paper chromatography?

  To separate and identify substances in a mixture
• What type of chromatography is specifically mentioned in the video?

  Paper chromatography
• What is the first step in paper chromatography?

  Draw a baseline with a pencil
• Why is the solvent level kept shallow in paper chromatography?

  To avoid submerging the pencil line
• What is the pattern of spots left after chromatography called?

  Chromatogram
• What are the mobile and stationary phases in chromatography?

  Mobile phase is the solvent; stationary phase is the paper
• What happens to the different dyes in the ink during chromatography?

  They travel at different rates up the paper
• What analytical technique is used to separate substances in a mixture?

  Chromatography
• How do the properties of substances affect their movement in chromatography?

  More soluble substances move faster in the mobile phase
• What is the purpose of paper chromatography?

  To separate and identify substances in a mixture
• What type of chromatography is specifically mentioned in the video?

  Paper chromatography
• What does the rf value represent in chromatography?

  Ratio of distance traveled by substance to solvent
• What should you avoid doing when placing the filter paper in the solvent?

  Submerging the pencil line and ink spot
• What is a chromatogram?

  The pattern of spots left after chromatography
• What happens when chromatography is performed with a pure substance?

  It produces a single spot on the chromatogram
• What are the mobile and stationary phases in chromatography?

  Mobile phase is the solvent; stationary phase is the paper
• How can changing the solvent or paper affect chromatography results?

  It can change the appearance of the chromatogram
• How do different chemicals move in chromatography?

  They dissolve in the solvent and bind to the paper
• Why must chemists consider the solvent and paper type when looking up rf values?

  Because they affect the chromatogram and rf values
• What determines how fast a chemical moves up the paper?

  Its solubility in the solvent and attraction to the paper
• What happens to chemicals that are not soluble in the solvent?

  They remain on the baseline
• What are the steps involved in performing paper chromatography?

  1. Draw a baseline on filter paper.
  2. Add ink sample to the baseline.
  3. Prepare a shallow solvent in a beaker.
  4. Place the paper in the solvent without submerging the ink.
  5. Cover the beaker to prevent evaporation.
  6. Wait for the solvent to rise and separate the dyes.
  7. Remove the paper and let it dry to observe the chromatogram.
• What is the formula for calculating the rf value?

  rf = distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent
• What factors influence the movement of substances in chromatography?

  • Solubility of the substances in the solvent
  • Attraction of substances to the stationary phase (paper)
  • Time allowed for the experiment
• What does a pure substance look like on a chromatogram?

  It shows a single spot
• How can changing the solvent or paper affect the chromatogram?

  It can change the appearance and rf values
• Why must chemists consider the solvent and paper type when looking up rf values?

  Because they affect the separation results