LSE

• Prenatal stage : From conception to birth, approximately 9 months
• Union of Spermatozoa and Ova : How life begins
• Maturation and Fertilization : Male cells
• Maturation, ovulation, fertilization : Female cells
• Maturation : the process of chromosome reduction through cell division
• Ovulation : limited to female sex cells, process of escape of one mature ovum during the menstrual cycle
• Fertilization : occurs at the time of conception, beginning of new life, takes place within 12-36 hours
• PERIOD OF ZYGOTE

  Fertilization to end of 2nd week

  • Size is like a pinhead
• PERIOD OF EMBRYO

  End of 2nd week to end of second month

  Major development occurs

  The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic sac develop.

  • It is regarded as critical time
• Natural or Spontaneous Birth – headfirst position
• Breech Birth – buttocks down position
• Transverse Birth – positioned crosswise on the mother’s uterus
• Instrument Birth – instrument must be used to aid in delivery
• Caesarean Section – a slit is made surgically in a mother’s abdominal wall
• FIRST MONTH

  ▪ Baby is 1/4 inch in length

  ▪ Heart, digestive system, backbone and spinal cord begin to form

  ▪ Placenta (sometimes called "afterbirth") begins to develop

  ▪ The single fertilized egg is now 10,000 times larger than size at conception

  ▪ Fertilization occurs

  ▪ Zygote implants itself in the lining of the uterus

  ▪ Rapid cell division occurs

  ▪ Cells differentiate into three distinct layers: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm

  ▪ Nervous system begins to develop
• SECOND MONTH

  ▪ Embryo is 1/2 inch long (Week 5)

  ▪ Heart and blood vessels form

  ▪ Head area develops rapidly

  ▪ Eyes begin to form detail

  ▪ Internal organs grow, especially the digestive system

  At the end of 8 weeks:

  • Baby is 1-1/8 inches long

  • Heart is functioning

  • Eyes, nose, lips, tongue, ears and teeth are forming

  • Penis begins to appear in boys

  • Baby is moving, although the mother cannot yet feel movement

  • Sex organs develop rapidly and sex is distinguished

  • Arms and legs form and grow

  • Heart begins to beat faintly

  • Embryo weighs 1/10 ounce
• 3. PERIOD OF FETUS

  • End of 2nd month to birth
• THIRD MONTH

  ▪ Baby has begun swallowing and kicking.

  ▪ All organs and muscles have formed and are beginning to function.

  ▪ Head growth occurs rapidly

  ▪ Some internal organs are developed enough to begin to function

  ▪ Bone formation begins to form rapidly

  ▪ The digestive organs begin to function

  ▪ Arms, legs, and fingers make spontaneous movements

  ▪ Fetus weighs 1 ounce
• FOURTH MONTH

  ▪ Your baby is covered with a layer of thick, downy hair called lanugo.

  ▪ Baby’s heartbeat can be heard clearly.

  ▪ This is when you may feel your baby's first kick.
• SIXTH MONTH

  ▪ Eyebrows and eyelids are visible.

  ▪ Your baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, and the baby has started breathing motions.

  ▪ If you talk or sing, the baby can hear you.

  ▪ Eyes and eyelids fully formed

  ▪ Fat is developing under the skin
• SEVENTH MONTH

  ▪ Baby’s body is well-formed.

  ▪ Fingernails cover the baby’s fingertips

  ▪ Well-developed enough to survive

  ▪ Cerebral cortex of brain develops rapidly
• EIGHTH MONTH

  ▪ Your baby is gaining about half a pound per week, and layers of fat are piling on.

  ▪ The baby has probably turned head-down in preparation for birth.

  ▪ Subcutaneous fat is deposited for later use

  ▪ Fingernails reach beyond the fingertips
• NINTH MONTH

  ▪ Hair covering the entire body is shed

  ▪ Organ systems function actively

  ▪ Vernix is present over the entire body

  ▪ Fetus settles into position for birth

  ▪ As the baby becomes more crowded, you may feel him move around less.