GEN. CHEMISTRY

• Acid- donates proton

  Base- accepts proton

  Bronsted-lowry
• transfer of proton

  Bronsted-Lowry theory
• Acid- releases H+ ions in solutions

  Base- releases OH- ions in solutions

  Arrhenius Theory
• Base- donates a pair of electrons

  Acid- accepts electrons

  Lewis Theory
• this can be used to qualitatively calculate the pH of buffers

  Henderson-Hasselbach equation
• If you have an ALKALINE solution, the RED litmus paper will turn into what color?

  Blue
• If you have an ACIDIC solution, the RED litmus paper will turn into what color?

  Red
• Which of the following glassware is suitable for liquid measurements?

  Graduated Cylinder
• Which of the following indicator is suitable for acid-base titrations?

  phenolphthalein
• Defined as 'the process of determining the quantity of a substance A by adding measured increments of substance B, with which it reacts until exact chemical equivalence is achieved.

  Titration
• is an analytical technique that is widely used in the food industry.

  Titration
• PPE?

  Proper Protective Equipment
• substance whose chemical constituents are being identified and measured.

  analyte
• a substance that is added in titration

  Titrant
• Solution in the buret/burette

  titrant
• solution with unknown concentration

  analyte
• This signifies the completion of the titration by a change of color or intensity of the solution


  Endpoint
• point where the amount of titrant added is just enough to completely neutralize the analyte solution.

  Equivalence Point
• science that unites electricity and chemistry

  Electrochemistry
• Study of the transfer of electrons

  Electrochemistry
• a device that converts chemical energy contained within its active materials directly into electric energy.

  battery
• an electric potential difference is called as?

  Voltage
• Voltage describes the "________" that pushes energy.

  Pressure
• what causes electrons and ions to attract each other and repel particles of the same kind.

  electric charge
• Unit to measure electric charge

  Coulomb/C
• flow of charge per unit of time

  Current
• unit of electric current

  Ampere/A
• are ions that are positively charged

  Cations
• ions that are negatively charged

  Anions
• if a balance atom loses one or more electrons, it will become a?

  positively charged cation
• Negative or reducing electrode that releases electrons to the external circuit and oxidizes during and electrochemical reaction.

  Anode
• Is the positive or oxidizing electrode that aquires/accepts electrons from the external circuit and is reduced during the electrochemical reaction

  Cathode
• the species that loses electron is said to be?

  oxidized
• species that gains electrons is said to be?

  Reduced
• this gains electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction

  oxidizing agent or oxidant
• losses electrons and is oxidized in a chemical reaction

  reducing agent or reductant
• a type if chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

  oxidation-reduction (redox)
• _____ reactions are common and vital to some of the basic functions of life, including photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, and corrosion or rusting

  redox
• is the potential difference between the cathode and anode

  the standard cell potential
• are all measured at 298 K, 1 atm, and 1 M.

  standard potentials