Proccupied with petty street crime & ignores corporate crime
Displaces to other places
What did police do to justify their existence? & what did they claim from these arrests?
They arrested people for minor deviant acts that wouldn't have been punished before due to a fall in crime
Claimed that they caused the fall in crime
How did Young criticise zero tolerance policing?
Police & politicians were keen to take the credit for falling crime
Whereas the crime rate in New York & elsewhere had already been falling since 9 years before
What are 2 criticisms of the right realist explanation of the causes of crime?
-Ignores wider structural causes like poverty
-Over-emphasises biological factors (account for less than 3% of crimes)
Why did Murray say the crime rate is increasing?
-Because of a growing underclass who are defined by their deviant behaviour & fail to socialise their children properly
-Due to welfare dependency
-Lone mothers fail to discipline their sons properly & they turn to crime
What do they think decreases the risk?
Effective socialisation through the nuclear family
What is Wilson & Herrnstein's biosocial theory?
Crime is caused by a combination of biological & social factors
Biological differences make some more predisposed to commit crime
Aggressiveness, extroversion, risk taking & low impulse control
What 3 factors is crime caused by, according to right realists?
Individual biological differences
Inadequate socialisation
Individual's rationalchoice to offend
What are right realists less & more concerned about?
What causes crime & more concerned to provide realisticsolutions
Who is the main theorist of right realism? What did he emphasise?
James Wilson
Zerotolerancepolicing, Aims to reduce minor offences & more serious crime through relentless order maintenance & aggressive law enforcement
What do ALL realists argue?
-Been a significant rise in crime rates, especially in street crime, burglary & assault
-Concerned about the fear of crime & impact of crime on its victims
-Propose realistic solutions
What did Wilson & Kelling say about environmental crime prevention?
book 'broken windows' argues that the signs of disorder found in some neighbourhoods creates the idea that people don't care
also an absence of both formal (police) and informal (community) social control so without remedial action the situation deteriorates and the neighbourhood enters a spiral of decline