6.3 Ethnicity & Victimisation

• Who said "the Black man does the white man's shit work"?

  Hall
• When was Stephen Lawrence murdered?

  1993
• Stephen Lawrence


  -Black British man who was murdered in 1993 in a racially motivated attack while waiting for a bus

  -The case became one of the highest profile racial killings in UK history; its fallout included profound cultural changes to attitudes on racism and the police
• What did the Macpherson Enquiry (1999) find about the police investigation into the racist murder of Stephen Lawrence?


  It was "marred by a combination of professional incompetence, institutional racism and a failure of leadership by senior officers"
• How have the polcie failed to protect against racist victimisation

  -They have often ignored the racist dimensions of victimisation and failed to record or investigate reported incidents properly
• What is the potential impact of repeated victimisation? (3)

  The long-term psychological impact needs to be considered along with the physical injury and damage to property
• What do Sampson and Phillips (1992) suggest about racist victimsation?


  Racist victimisation tend to be ongoing over time, with repeated minor instances of abuse and harassment interwoven with periodic incidents of physical violence
• Why are the statistics on victimisation insufficient?

  They do not necessarily capture the victims' experience of victimisation
• What demographic factors influence the likelyhood of victimisation?

  For violent crime, being young, male, and unemployed are strongly linked with victimisation (MEGs more likely to be unemployed)
• Why do Victim Surveys reveal more racially aggrevated incidents than police recorded crime?

  Individuals are not always comfortable reporting racially aggrevated crimes to the police
• How many racially aggravated incidents did the CSEW estimate there were in 2014/15?

  89,000
• How many racist incidents in England and Wales did the police record in 2014/15?

  540,000
• What is a racially or religiously aggravated offence?

  Where the offender is motivated by hostility towards members of a racial or religious groups
• What is a racist incident?

  Any incident perceived to be racist by the victim or another person
• What two types of racial victimisation are identified in crime stats?

  Racist incidents

  Racially or religiously aggravated offences